【正文】 第 9 頁 5. Example of electropneumatic system The system is not a representation of a specific machine, but it is made with some mon movements and ponents found in a real one. The system is posed of four actuators. The actuators A, B and C are double acting and Dsingle acting. Actuator A advances and stays in specified position till the end of the cycle, it could work fixing an object to the next action for example (Fig. 5) , it is the first step. When A reaches the end position, actuator C starts his work together with B, making as many cycles as possible during the advancing of B. It depends on how fast actuator B is advancing。 外文翻譯 院 （系） 專業(yè)班級 姓 名 學(xué) 號 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 年 月 日 第 2 頁 Programmable designed for electropneumatic systems controller John This project deals with the study of electropneumatic systems and the programmable controller that provides an effective and easy way to control the sequence of the pneumatic actuators movement and the states of pneumatic system. The project of a specific controller for pneumatic applications join the study of automation design and the control processing of pneumatic systems with the electronic design based on microcontrollers to implement the resources of the controller. 1. Introduction The automation systems that use electropneumatic technology are formed mainly by three kinds of elements: actuators or motors, sensors or buttons and control elements like valves. Nowadays, most of the control elements used to execute the logic of the system were substituted by the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Sensors and switches are plugged as inputs and the direct control valves for the actuators are plugged as outputs. An internal program executes all the logic necessary to the sequence of the movements, simulates other ponents like counter, timer and control the status of the system. With the use of the PLC, the project wins agility, because it is possible to create and simulate the system as many times as needed. Therefore, time can be saved, risk of mistakes reduced and plexity can be increased using the same elements. A conventional PLC, that is possible to find on the market from many panies, offers many resources to control not only pneumatic systems, but all kinds of system that uses electrical ponents. The PLC can be very versatile and robust to be applied in many kinds of application in the industry or even security system and automation of buildings. Because of those characteristics, in some applications the PLC offers to much 第 3 頁 resources that are not even used to control the system, electropneumatic system is one of this kind of application. The use of PLC, especially for small size systems, can be very expensive for the automation project. An alternative in this case is to create a specific controller that can offer the exactly size and resources that the project needs [3, 4]. This can be made using microcontrollers as the base of this controller. The controller, based on microcontroller, can be very specific and adapted to only one kind of machine or it can work as a generic controller that can be programmed as a usual PLC and work with logic that can be changed. All these characteristics depend on what is needed and how much experience the designer has with developing an electronic circuit and firmware for microcontroller. But the main advantage of design the controller with the microcontroller is that the designer has the total knowledge of his controller, which makes it possible to control the size of the controller, change the plexity and the application of it. It means that the project gets more independence from other panies, but at the same time the responsibility of the control of the system stays at the designer hands 2. Electropneumatic system On automation system one can find three basic ponents mentioned before, plus a logic circuit that controls the system. An adequate technique is needed to project the logic circuit and integrate all the necessary ponents to execute the sequence of movements properly. For a simple direct sequence of movement an intuitive method can be used [1, 5], but for indirect or more plex sequences the intuition can generate a very plicated circuit and signal mistakes. It is necessary to use another method that can save time of the project, make a clean circuit, can eliminate occasional signal overlapping and redundant circuits. The presented method is called stepbystep or algorithmic [1, 5], it is valid for pneumatic and e