【正文】 ng systems whose efficiency ______ the firefly’s system. ? A often ____ B: …。 語義認(rèn)知 ? In the machinelike world of classical physics, the human intellect appears ______, since the mechanical nature of classical physics does not ______ creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principles possible. 語義認(rèn)知 ? In the machinelike world of classical physics, the human intellect appears ______, since the mechanical nature of classical physics does not ______ creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principles possible. ? In A, B appears _____, since A does not _____ B. 語義認(rèn)知 ? Nature’s energy efficiency often ______ human technology: despite the intensity of the light fireflies produce, the amount of heat is negligible。 ? 關(guān)系連詞指代（ when, where, why) 語義認(rèn)知 ? Dreams are ________ in and of themselves, but, when bined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer. ? Dreams are ________ in and of themselves, but, when bined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer. 語義認(rèn)知 ? The spellings of many old English words have been ______ in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed. ? The spellings of many old English words have been ______ in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed. 語義認(rèn)知 ?重要概念 ?正負(fù)評(píng)價(jià) ?正負(fù)動(dòng)作 ?重要方法 ?正負(fù)假定法 ? 題目中有兩個(gè)空格，且每個(gè)空格都沒有語義與之對(duì)應(yīng)。 ?越直接的邏輯關(guān)系越正確！ ?背景知識(shí)不能作為題目的判斷依據(jù) ! 本書編寫組 今年十五歲 邏輯分析實(shí)例 ?Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of the Bering Shelf a ______ appearance, these activities seem to be actually beneficial to the area, enhancing its productivity. 邏輯分析實(shí)例 ?Heavily perfumed white flowers, such as gardenias, were favorites with collectors in the eighteenth century, when _______ was valued much more highly than it is today. 邏輯分析實(shí)例 ?Carruther’s latest literary criticism _____ her reputation for trenchant mentary。 與極端詞相對(duì)的中性詞 ?“好”的反義詞是什么？ ?壞 ?不好不壞 ?既有好又有壞 ?任何詞的反義詞都是 直接對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行否定 后的結(jié)果 基于收斂邏輯的推斷 ? GRE填空教程是由 ___________編寫的。 chemistry/science ?上 /下義詞之間的關(guān)系 ?思考：男人能做的事兒，人一定能做；人能做的事兒，男人不一定能做。 邏輯關(guān)系判斷的方法： 是否有反義？ 是否有否定？ 有幾個(gè)否定？ 廣義的同義 /反義關(guān)系 ? 廣義的同義關(guān)系 ? 同義詞 ? 上 /下義詞 ? 感情色彩相同的詞 ? 正負(fù)方向相同的詞 ? 邏輯相關(guān)的詞（動(dòng)作 結(jié)果、人物 特征等） ? 廣義的反義關(guān)系 ? 反義詞 ? 感情色彩相反的詞 ? 正負(fù)方向相反的詞 ? 與極端詞相對(duì)的中性詞 上 /下義詞 ?詞 A和詞 B為上 /下義詞的條件 ?若 A is a kind of B,則 A是 B的下義詞， B是 A的上義詞。 ?詞匯和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系 ?修飾和解釋：定語 /狀語 /同位語從句 ?動(dòng)賓：賓語從句 /表語從句 ?主謂：主語從句 邏輯關(guān)系的識(shí)別和層次 ?三個(gè)層次的邏輯關(guān)系 ?詞匯之間（包括空格）的邏輯關(guān)系 ?語義邏輯：并列、修飾和解釋、動(dòng)賓、主謂、遞進(jìn)、復(fù)指 ?方向邏輯：同義和反義 ?判斷原則 ?一般情況下，詞匯之間的方向邏輯與句子的邏輯一致。GRE句子填空（沖刺班） 北京新東方學(xué)校國外考試部 杜昶旭 20220515 課程大綱 ? GRE填空的能力要求 ? GRE填空解題基本原則和“六步法” ? GRE填空快速解題的“七種模式” ?《 最新?？季毩?xí)題 》 題目分析 GRE填空的能力要求 ? ETS的官方說明 ? The verbal ability measure is designed to test the ability to reason with words in solving problems. Reasoning effectively in a verbal medium depends primarily upon the ability to discern, prehend, and analyze relationships among words or groups of words and within larger units of discourse such as sentences and written passages. GRE填空的能力要求 ? ETS的官方說明 ? The purpose of the sentence pletion questions is to measure the ability to use the various kinds of cues provided by syntax and grammar to recognize the overall meaning of a sentence. In deciding which of five words or sets of words can best be substituted for blank spaces in a sentence, you must analyze the relationships among the ponent parts of the inplete sentence. You must consider each answer choice and decide which pletes the sentence in such a way that the sentence has a logically satisfying meaning and can be read as a stylistically integrated whole. Sentence pletion questions provide a context within which to analyze the function of words as they relate to and bine with one another to form a meaningful unit of discourse. GRE填空的能力要求 輸入（ Input） 輸出（ Output） 句子結(jié)構(gòu) 邏輯關(guān)系 語義認(rèn)知 詞匯理解 邏輯完整性 語義完整性 相關(guān)背景知識(shí) 句子結(jié)構(gòu) ?任何句子都是一種層次化的結(jié)構(gòu) ?無論多復(fù)雜的句子都是由 基本句型 成長起來的 ?基本句型 ?普通簡單句 ?非簡單句 句子 )1(1n1jj1i??? ????nni關(guān)聯(lián)元素簡單句非簡單句???m1kki 成分簡單句句子結(jié)構(gòu) ?簡單句分析 ?定義：只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子 ?簡單句分析的核心： 謂語 ?謂語 ?誰發(fā)出的動(dòng)作（主語） ?誰承受的動(dòng)作（賓語）或者主語有什么狀態(tài)（表語） ?修飾限制成分（定語、狀語、同位語） ?分析重點(diǎn)： 成分之間的關(guān)系 句子結(jié)構(gòu) ?非簡單句分析 ?關(guān)聯(lián)元素：連詞、關(guān)系代詞、冒號(hào)和分號(hào) ?非簡單句分析的核心： 關(guān)聯(lián)元素 ?關(guān)聯(lián)元素 ?若干分句 ?分句類型及它們之間的關(guān)系 ?分析重點(diǎn)： 分句類型和關(guān)系 句子結(jié)構(gòu) ?Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical but enlightened intellectual, historians of the 1960’s portrayed him as a doctrinaire thinker, eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while censoring ideas he did not like. 句子結(jié)構(gòu) ? The Chinese, who began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians, were assiduous recordkeepers, and because of this, can claim humanity’s longest continuous documentation of natural events. The Chinese were assiduous recordkeepers, and because of this, can claim humanity’s longest ontinuous documentation of natural events. Who began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the Egyptians. 句子結(jié)構(gòu) ? Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so decimated Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in abeyance in the Western Hemisphere. Decimate: to cause great destruction or harm to “十一抽殺律” 公元前 471年，羅馬共和國早期戰(zhàn)爭中，羅馬人與沃爾斯奇人戰(zhàn)斗，用這種方法處罰背叛的士兵。 charter: 特許狀 Yellow Fever: 黃熱病 美國的黃熱病大流行（ 1793和 1879） Yellow fever, the disease, has reappeared after nearly two decades in abeyance in the Western Hemisphere. Th