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2024-10-28 17:57本頁(yè)面
【正文】 It makes no reference to both the syntactic and semantic structures. Each linguistic module is governed by its particular set of general principles. The superficial plexity of language is a consequence of the interaction of such modules. LANGUAGE IS UNIQUE 語(yǔ)言獨(dú)特性 1. Language and signal codes The idea that some animals may be capable of utilizing a language is far from ridiculous. Animal call systems can be broken into basic units like human languages broken into phonemes. Species Number of Identified Basic Vocal Signals birds 12 – 25 lower mammals 7 – 36 dolphins 7– 19 monkeys and apes 10 – 37 human languages 11– 67 But animal call systems cannot be considered as true language. True language involves the free bination of symbols limited only by logical rules of grammar and syntax, which themselves express relations between symbols and hence symbolize relations between things and individuals and events. In addition, true language must involve true munication. Compulsive utterance of signals in the absence of other individuals is not true munication. Are the bees talking? No, that’s a matter of automatic signaling. Are they talking? No. They are courting. Dolphins are extremely vocal animals. But dolphin’s whistling has been discovered as conditional reflexes. It is not a means of munication. Though a dolphin can respond to another’s vocal signals, the signals are not intentionally made for the listener. They can’t exchange ideas. Then how about a monkey? Attempts to teach apes to municate with human beings all proved to be failures.
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