【正文】
.......................................................... 3 受熱面布置 .......................................................................................................... 4 燃燒產(chǎn)物計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................... 5 熱平衡及燃料消耗量計(jì)算 ..................................................................................... 9 第三章 爐膛設(shè)計(jì)和熱力計(jì)算 .......................................................................................... 11 爐膛概述 ........................................................................................................... 11 爐膛結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................................... 11 燃燒器設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................... 14 燃燒室水冷壁布置 ............................................................................................. 18 爐膛,屏式過熱器及凝渣管熱力計(jì)算 .................................................................. 19 第四章 對流受熱面的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 ................................................................................... 31 對流受熱面計(jì)算的基本概念 ............................................................................... 31 過熱和再熱系統(tǒng)流程及特點(diǎn) ............................................................................... 32 高溫過熱器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸及熱力計(jì)算 ........................................................................ 33 后屏(中溫)再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸及熱力計(jì)算 .......................................................... 43 高溫再熱器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸及熱力計(jì)算 ........................................................................ 47 省煤器結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸及熱力計(jì)算 ................................................................................ 50 第五章 熱力計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)的修正和計(jì)算結(jié)果匯總 ................................................................ 58 熱力計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)的修正 ......................................................................................... 58 熱力計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)匯總 ............................................................................................. 59 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................................................................................ 60 致謝 ............................................................................................................................... 61 第一章 概述 現(xiàn)代電站鍋 爐就是利用燃料燃燒釋放的熱能或其他熱能加熱給水,以獲得規(guī)定參數(shù)(溫度、壓力)和品質(zhì)的蒸汽設(shè)備。convection heating surface。 natural circulation。 furnace design and thermal calculation。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 300MW;自然循環(huán);結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);對流受熱面;熱力計(jì)算; 1025t/h Boiler design and thermal caculation of 300MW coalfired power plant in Haerbin Abstract Thermal power plant is the main force of Chinese electricity,and coalfired boiler is the main part. But the plants of our country now are mainly the small thermal power plants. The efficiency of small power plant is low while the environmental pollution is serious. Largescale power plant can address this issue to a certain extent. This structural design of largescale power plant boiler has such practical significance. The amount of rated evaporation of this power plant boiler is 1025t / h and the existing steam pressure is . It is natural circulation and coalfired subcritical pressure boiler, with the steam turbine for the 300MW. The design includes the overall layout design of the boiler, mainly including the boiler furnace and the heating surface of it ,convection flue and each convection heat transfer surface layout of them 。省煤器為非沸騰式,空氣預(yù)熱器采用兩級,高溫空氣預(yù)熱器采用回轉(zhuǎn)式,低溫級采用管式空氣預(yù)熱器。設(shè)計(jì)燃料為 煙煤 ,采用中速磨正壓冷 一次風(fēng)機(jī)直吹式制粉系統(tǒng),燃燒器四角切圓布置,固態(tài)排渣。該設(shè)計(jì)主要包括了鍋爐的總體布置設(shè)計(jì),其中主要是鍋爐爐膛和其中的受熱面,對流煙道和其中的各個對流受熱面的布置;燃燒產(chǎn)物和鍋爐的熱平衡計(jì)算;爐膛的設(shè)計(jì)和熱力計(jì)算;鍋爐燃燒形 式的選擇,鍋爐燃燒器的選擇,還有各個主要對流受熱面的熱力計(jì)算。因此,大型電站鍋爐整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)就有這樣的實(shí)際意義。哈鍋 300MW 燃煤電站鍋爐熱力設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算 摘 要 火電廠是中國電力的主要組成部分,而火力發(fā)電中,是以燃燒煤炭為主。但是我國目前的電廠主要是小型火電廠,小型電站能源利用率低,污染物排放不能達(dá)標(biāo);而大型電站能在一定程度上解決上述問題。 本設(shè)計(jì)的電站鍋爐額定蒸發(fā)量為 1025t/h,出口蒸汽壓力為 ,所配置的汽輪機(jī)為 300MW,為亞臨界自然循環(huán)燃煤鍋爐。 爐膛四周采用膜式水冷壁。過熱器分二 級,再熱器分二級。該設(shè)計(jì)對各受熱面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸計(jì)算和熱力計(jì)算。 bustion products and the boiler heat balance calculation。 choice of boiler type and the choice of boiler burner, and the thermal calculation of various major convection heating surface,and of course also including the layout of wind and smoke and thermodynamic waterwall is around the designed fuel is bituminous coal,with mediumspeed pulverizer, positive pressure, cold primary air fan and direct blowtype milling system. The burner is arranged tangentially and slag is solidstate. The Economizer is nonboiling are two progressions of superheater and two progressions of reheater. Air preheater includs two, the high temperature one is rotary air preheater ,low temperature one tubular air design of power plant boiler calculates in details the size of the structure and thermodynamic data. Keywords: 300MW。 structural design。 thermodynamic calculation。本說明書設(shè)計(jì)的鍋爐屬亞臨界鍋爐。 對超高壓及超高壓以上的大容量鍋爐,由于容量增大,參數(shù)較高,過熱氣溫提高,中間再熱器的利用,使得過熱部分的吸熱份額增加,為保持合適的爐膛出口溫度,在爐膛上部設(shè)置了屏式過熱器。省煤器由于壓力升高,給水加熱比率增加,不會沸騰。 燃燒煤粉的爐膛尺寸較大,這是由于要在爐膛內(nèi)使煤燃盡,又要防止產(chǎn)生有害的積灰和結(jié)渣。從最高一排煤燃燒器中心到爐頂之間要有足夠的高度。 鍋爐總體設(shè)計(jì)中遵行的原則: 選取合理的設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo),以獲得較高的利用率; 從鍋爐島整體出發(fā)選用合理的系統(tǒng)最佳參數(shù)匹配及成熟結(jié)構(gòu),以達(dá)到高的運(yùn)行可靠性、靈活性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性; 考慮環(huán)境保護(hù)問題; 考慮鍋爐的整體結(jié)構(gòu)密封性; 考慮增加受熱面的可能性; 安全保護(hù)和 自動控制。鍋爐熱力計(jì)算的目的是確定鍋爐受熱面與燃燒產(chǎn)物和工質(zhì)參數(shù)間的關(guān)系,通??煞譃樵O(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算和校核計(jì)算。 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算是指在給定的給水溫度和燃燒特性的條件下,確定在鍋爐額定蒸發(fā)量、給定的蒸汽參數(shù)(壓力、溫度)和預(yù)定的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)的條件是下,所需要的爐室尺寸和鍋爐機(jī)組各部件的結(jié)構(gòu)、受熱面數(shù)量。設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的目的是在額定負(fù)荷下確定鍋爐各受熱面的結(jié) 構(gòu)特性及傳熱面積。 校核計(jì)算則是根據(jù)鍋爐機(jī)組所采用的爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸和各部件的受熱面結(jié)構(gòu)布置和數(shù)量,對已知的鍋爐負(fù)荷和燃料種類,計(jì)算決定各級受熱面的換熱量、各級受熱面交界處的水溫、汽溫和煙氣溫度,計(jì)算得出鍋爐效率、燃料消耗量、空 氣量、煙氣量以及工質(zhì)和煙氣在各級受熱面內(nèi)的流速。 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算和校核計(jì)算都依據(jù)相同的傳熱原理、公式和資料。因此,對于鍋爐各個受熱面的熱力計(jì)算在方法上可以看作是校核計(jì)算。 表 21 鍋爐參數(shù) 序號 名 稱 單 位 數(shù) 值 MCR ECR 36%MCR 1 汽包工作壓力 MPa 2 主蒸汽流量 t/h 1025 370 3 主蒸汽出口壓力 MPa 4 主蒸汽出口溫度 ℃ 535 5 再熱蒸汽流量 t/h 6 再熱蒸汽進(jìn)口壓力 MPa 7 再熱蒸汽出口壓力 MPa 8 再熱蒸汽進(jìn)口溫度 ℃ 9 再熱蒸汽出口溫度 ℃ 10 給水溫度 ℃ 11 給水壓力 MPa