【正文】 ................................................................. 3 2 人為因素對草地退化的影響 .................................................................... 5 超載過牧 ................................................................................................ 5 不均勻的放牧導致草場的退化 ............................................................. 6 人口因素 ................................................................................................ 7 人類其它活動對草原退化的影響 ......................................................... 7 3 鼠害對草原退化的影響 ............................................................................ 7 4 主要自然災害對草原退化的影響 ............................................................ 8 不同干旱類型對草地退化的影響 ......................................................... 8 大風、風沙對草地退化的影響 ............................................................. 8 冰雹對草地退化的影響 ......................................................................... 9 5 草原退化的防治措施 ................................................................................ 9 完善衡量畜牧業(yè)生產指標 ..................................................................... 9 封育禁牧和適當改良退化草場 ............................................................. 9 圍欄封育 ........................................................................................... 10 松土改良 ........................................................................................... 10 補播 ................................................................................................... 10 施肥 ................................................................................................... 10 建植人工草料地 ................................................................................... 10 退化草地恢復與重建的法律政策保障 ................................................ 10 6 討論 ......................................................................................................... 10 參考文獻 ..................................................................................................... 11 致謝 ............................................................................................................. 13 青海師范大學生命與地理科學學院本科畢業(yè)論文 第 1 頁 共 13 頁 青海省草原退化的原因及防治措施 范宗福 (青海師范大學生地學院生物技術系 04C 班 青海 .西寧 810008) 摘 要 草原退化、堿化和沙化、氣候惡化以及嚴重的鼠害等一系列問題，在青海省絕大多數(shù)草原不同程度地存在 著。人為控制因素中 ,表現(xiàn)在草畜季節(jié)不平衡造成的超載過牧、人口增長以及草地不均勻的放牧壓力等 ,進一步加劇天然草地生態(tài)功能的退化。 關鍵詞： 過度放牧，鼠害，降水，青海省，防治措施 ,退化 青海師范大學生命與地理科學學院本科畢業(yè)論文 第 2 頁 共 13 頁 THE REASONS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF QINGHAI GRASSLAND DEGRADATION Fan Zongfu (QingHai normal university life and geography scientific institute 2021 levels of biological technology XiNing QingHai 810008) Abstract Under the pressures of the alkalization, desertification, climate changes and the serious deterioration of the rodent and other issues, the vast majority of grasslands in Qinghai Province are degraded with various degrees. Qinghai Province is the main natural grassland degradation in the natural and manmade factors such as the role of the natural factors of climate warming and drying trend is grassland degradation of the important factors affecting performance in the pasture growing period, the output of the group structure and the grass changes, and 20 since the 1990s extreme weather, climate disasters increase, further exacerbating the degradation of the grassland。其中由高寒草甸類和高寒荒漠類三大草所構成的高寒草地面積 104hm2，占全省天然草地總面積的 %[1]。尤其是從上世紀 90 年代開 始，全省草原退化呈加速趨勢， 20