【正文】 metic on them. For example, an int in Java is always a 32bit integer. In C/C++, int can mean a 16bit integer, a 32bit integer, or any other size that the piler vendor likes. The only restriction is that the int type must have at least as many bytes as a short int and cannot have more bytes than a long int. Having a fixed size for number types eliminates a major porting headache. Binary data is stored and transmitted in a fixed format, eliminating confusion about byte ordering. Strings are saved in a standard Unicode format. The libraries that are a part of the system define portable interfaces. For example, there is an abstract Window class and implementations of it for UNIX, Windows, and the Macintosh. As anyone who has ever tried knows, it is an effort of heroic proportions to write a pro gram that looks good on Windows, the Macintosh, and ten flavors of UNIX. Java made the heroic effort, delivering a simple toolkit that mapped mon user interface elements to a number of platforms. Unfortunately, the result was a library that, with a lot of work, could give barely acceptable results on different systems. (And there were often different bugs on the different platform graphics implementations.) But it was a start. There are many applications in which portability is more important than user interface slickness, and these applications did benefit from early versions of Java. By now, the user interface toolkit has been pletely rewritten so that it no longer relies on the host user interface. The result is far more consistent and, we think, more attrac tive than in earlier versions of Java. Interpreted The Java interpreter can execute Java bytecodes directly on any machine to which the interpreter has been ported. Since linking is a more incremental and lightweight process, the development process can be much more rapid and exploratory. Incremental linking has advantages, but its benefit for the development process is clearly overstated. Early Java development tools were, in fact, quite slow. Today, the bytecodes are translated into machine code by the justintime piler. Multithreaded The benefits of multithreading are better interactive responsiveness and realtime behavior. If you have ever tried to do multithreading in another language, you will be pleasantly surprised at how easy it is in Java. Threads in Java also can take advantage of multi processor systems if the base operating system does so. On the downside, thread imple mentations on the major platforms differ widely, and Java makes no effort to be platform independent in this regard. Only the code for calling multithreading remains the same across machines。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 英文文獻(xiàn)及中文翻譯 班 級(jí) ： 學(xué)號(hào)： 姓 名： 學(xué) 院： 專 業(yè)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 2020 年 6 月 軟件學(xué)院 軟件工程 An Introduction to Java The first release of Java in 1996 generated an incredible amount of excitement, not just in the puter press, but in mainstream media such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Business Week. Java has the distinction of being the first and only programming language tha