【正文】
................................................ 9 各機(jī)構(gòu)組成和特點(diǎn) .................................................................................................... 9 本系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ................................................... 9 系統(tǒng)的部件設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................... 10 電機(jī)的選用 ...............................................................................................................10 變頻器的 選用 ...........................................................................................................12 4 可編程序控制器在橋式起重機(jī)變頻控制系統(tǒng)中 的應(yīng)用 ........................................... 16 PLC 概述及其系統(tǒng)組成 ............................................... 16 PLC 概 述 ...................................................................................................................16 PLC 的系統(tǒng)組成與各部分的作用 ...........................................................................16 本系統(tǒng)中可編程序控制器的選取及其特點(diǎn) ................................ 17 PLC 系統(tǒng)選型一 SIEMENS S7200 ........................................................................17 Siemens S7200 系列 PLC 特性 ...............................................................................17 Siemens S7200 PLC 的工作原理 ............................................................................19 變頻調(diào)速起重機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .......................................... 20 系統(tǒng)控制的要求 .......................................................................................................20 控制系統(tǒng)的 I/O 點(diǎn)及地址分配 ................................................................................20 PLC 配置 ...................................................................................................................22 電氣控制系統(tǒng)原理圖 ...............................................................................................22 5 橋式起重機(jī)變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................... 24 PLC 程序設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................... 24 PLC 編程軟件概述 ...................................................................................................24 遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 IV 頁(yè) 程序設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................................24 系統(tǒng)抗干擾措 施 ...................................................... 28 結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29 致謝 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 30 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................................................................................................................ 31 附錄 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 32 遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 1 頁(yè) 1 緒論 傳統(tǒng) 起重機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)存在的問(wèn)題 起重機(jī)作為物料搬運(yùn)機(jī) 械在整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中有著十分重要的地位。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 起重機(jī) ; 可編程控制器 ; 變頻調(diào)速 遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 II 頁(yè) Design of Frequency Control System In Crane ABSTRACT The crane carries a kind of typical equipment in the supplies system, so it have extensive function in the activity of producing enterprise,so it is important to improve the crane operational eficiency,guarantee the safe reliability to be operated, reduce the cost of the supplies the traditional crane control system mainly adopts relay and contactor to control crane, adopt the methods of wire winding bunch of resistance to start and adjust speed of motor, the control system have many disadvantages,for example: dependability is bad, it is plicated to operate, fault rate is high. the electric energy is wasted greatly,efficiency is on the research to the rane control system has realistic meanings, To the question that exist in the crane control system, the paper apply programmablecontroller and frequency converter on control system of bridge crane, have carried on relevantre spects. First of all cranes operating in accordance with features of the control system of the crane and its ponents. Converter followed by a set of parameters, start and stop the motor and system failure alarm. PLC system through the use of SIEMENS S7200 to control the crane, the operation of car direction and speed shift, the hook up, downshift direction and speed, all the electrical fault is detected. Reduce the traditional relay touch the middle part of control system. A reduction of the hardware and the line of control has greatly improved system stability, reliability. Keywords: cranes。減少了傳統(tǒng)繼電 接觸式控制系統(tǒng)的中間環(huán)節(jié)。其次實(shí)現(xiàn)了變頻器的參數(shù)設(shè)置、電機(jī)的啟動(dòng)和停止及其系統(tǒng)故障報(bào)警。本文針對(duì) 起重機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)中存在的上述問(wèn)題,把可編程序控制器和變頻器應(yīng)用于橋式起重機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)上,并進(jìn)行了較深入的研究。電能浪費(fèi)大,效率低等缺點(diǎn)。 遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 I 頁(yè) 起重機(jī)變頻調(diào)速 控制 系統(tǒng) 的設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 起重機(jī)作為物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)中一種典型設(shè)備,在企業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中應(yīng)用廣泛作用顯著,因此對(duì)于提高起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行效率,確保運(yùn)行的安全可靠性,降低物料搬運(yùn)成本是十分重要 的。傳統(tǒng)的 起重 機(jī) 控制系統(tǒng)主要采用繼電器接觸器進(jìn)行控制,采用交流繞線串電阻的方法進(jìn)行啟動(dòng)和調(diào)速,這種控制系統(tǒng)存在可 靠性差,操作復(fù)雜,故障率高。因此對(duì) 起重機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 首先 根據(jù)起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn),研究了起重機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)及其組成。 PLC系統(tǒng)通過(guò)采用 SIEMENS S7200來(lái)控制起重機(jī)大車(chē)、小車(chē)的運(yùn)行方向和速度換擋,吊鉤的升、降方向及速度換擋,檢測(cè)各個(gè)電機(jī)故障現(xiàn)象。減少了硬件和控制線,極大提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,可靠性。programmable controllers。經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的發(fā)展,我國(guó) 起重機(jī)制造廠和使用部門(mén)在設(shè)計(jì)、制造 工藝、設(shè)備使用維修、管理方面,不斷積累經(jīng)驗(yàn),不斷改造,推動(dòng)了 起重機(jī)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。 傳統(tǒng)的起重機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)方案一 般采用 : (1)直接起動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī) ; (2)改變電動(dòng)機(jī)極對(duì)數(shù)調(diào)速 ;(3)轉(zhuǎn)子串電阻調(diào)速 ; (4)渦流制動(dòng)器調(diào)速 ; (5)可控硅串級(jí)調(diào)速 ; (6) 直流調(diào)速??煽毓璐?jí)調(diào)速雖各服了上述缺點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了額定速度以下的無(wú)級(jí)調(diào)速,提高了功率因數(shù),減少了起制動(dòng)沖擊,價(jià)格較低,但目前串級(jí)調(diào)速 產(chǎn)品的控制技術(shù)仍停留在模擬階段,尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)控制系統(tǒng)具有很好的調(diào)速性能和起制動(dòng)性能,很好的保護(hù)功能及系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控功能,所以有時(shí)采用直流電動(dòng)機(jī),而直流電動(dòng)機(jī)制造工藝復(fù)雜,使用維護(hù)要求高,故障率高。即使在發(fā)展中國(guó)家的比例也比較高。從控制電阻分級(jí)控制,到交磁放大控制,到可控硅 SCR激磁控制,到主回路可控硅即晶閘管整流供電系統(tǒng)。 從交流驅(qū)動(dòng)來(lái)講 , 常規(guī)