【正文】 .... 1 課題研究背景和意義 ......................................................................................... 1 太陽能充放電控制器現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................. 1 設(shè)計主要任務(wù) ................................................................................................... 2 2 太陽能充電控制器的總體設(shè)計方案 .............................................................................. 3 太陽能路燈系統(tǒng)基本結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................. 3 充電控制器的控制策略 ..................................................................................... 4 控制器的整體設(shè)計方案 ..................................................................................... 5 3 太陽能充電控制器的硬件電路設(shè)計 .............................................................................. 7 系統(tǒng)層次原理圖 ................................................................................................ 7 單片機最小系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................ 7 STC89C52 的簡介 ................................................................................... 7 單片機的最小系統(tǒng)及擴展電路 ................................................................ 9 充放電電路 ..................................................................................................... 10 光耦驅(qū)動電路 .................................................................................................. 11 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 電路 .................................................................................................. 12 ADC0804 的簡介 ................................................................................... 12 ADC0804 外圍接線電路 ..................................................................... 13 LCD 顯示電路 ................................................................................................. 15 E2PROM 數(shù)據(jù)存儲電路 .................................................................................... 16 串口通信電路 ................................................................................................. 17 4 太陽能充電控制器的軟件設(shè)計 ................................................................................... 20 系統(tǒng)主程序設(shè)計 .............................................................................................. 20 電壓采集轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 .......................................................................................... 21 顯示模塊 ........................................................................................................ 22 數(shù)據(jù)存儲模塊 ................................................................................................. 24 軟件調(diào)試和仿真 .............................................................................................. 26 5 總結(jié)與展望 ............................................................................................................... 29 設(shè)計總結(jié) ........................................................................................................ 29 展望 ............................................................................................................... 29 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................... 31 致 謝 .......................................................................................................................... 32 附錄Ⅰ 源程序 ............................................................................................................. 33 附錄 Ⅱ 硬件電路圖 ...................................................................................................... 43 山東科技大學(xué)課程設(shè)計 1 1 緒論 課題研究 背景和 意義 能源資源是國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)之一，隨著人民生活水平的不斷提高和科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，能源的缺口增大，能源問 題作為困擾人類長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的一 大因素擺在了人們面前。 solar photovoltaic。 關(guān)鍵詞： 充電控制器； 太陽能光伏發(fā)電 ； PWM 脈寬調(diào)制； 山東科技大學(xué)課程設(shè)計 II Abstract Solar photovoltaic power generation has bee an important part of new energy and renewable energy, it is considered the current world39。軟件部分依據(jù) PWM（ Pulse Width Modulation）脈寬調(diào)制控制策略，編制程序使單片機輸出 PWM 控制信號，通過控制光電耦合器通斷進而控制 MOSFET 管開啟和關(guān)閉，達(dá)到控制蓄電池充放電的目的，同時按照功能要求實現(xiàn)了對蓄電池過充、 過 放保護和短路保 護。 在總體方案的指導(dǎo)下，本設(shè)計使用低功耗、高性能，超強抗干擾的 STC89C52 單片機作為核心器件對整個電路進行控制。 本設(shè)計針對目前市場上傳統(tǒng)充電控制器對蓄電池的充放電控制不合理，同時保護也不夠充分，使得蓄電池的壽命縮短這種情況，研究確定了一種基于單片機的太陽能充電控制器的方案。山東科技大學(xué)課程設(shè)計 I 太陽能充放電控制器設(shè)計 摘 要 太陽能光伏發(fā)電現(xiàn)已成為新能源和可再生能源的重要組成部分，也被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)前世界最有發(fā)展前景的新能源技術(shù)。目前太陽能光伏發(fā)電裝置已廣泛應(yīng)用于通訊，交通，電力等各個方面，其核心部分就是充電控制器。在太陽能對蓄電池的充放電方式、控制器的功能要求和實際應(yīng)用方面做了一定分析，完成了硬件電路設(shè)計和軟件編制，實現(xiàn)了對蓄電池的高效率 管理。系統(tǒng)硬件電路由太陽能電池充放電電路，電壓采集和顯示電路，單片機控制電路和 RS232 串口通信電路組成，主要實現(xiàn)對蓄電池電壓的采集和顯示。實驗表明，該控制器性能優(yōu)良，可靠性高，可以時刻監(jiān)視太陽能電池板和蓄電池狀態(tài)，實現(xiàn)控制蓄電池最優(yōu)充放電， 達(dá)到延長 蓄電池的使用壽命。s most promising new energy technologies. At present solar photovoltaic device has been widely used in munications, transport, electricity and other aspects, the core part is the charge controller. The conventional charge controller on the market today on the battery charge and discharge control is unreasonable, and its protection is also inadequate,whichs makes the battery life to shorten. To solve this problem, the design identifies a solar charge controller based on single chip solution. In the solar energy to battery charge and discharge means, the controller of the functional requirements and the practical application aspects ,making some analysis,pleted the hardware circuit design and software development, to achieve the high efficiency of the battery management. Under the guidance of the overall program, the design uses lowpower, high performance, super antijamming STC89C52 microcontroller as a core device to control the entire circuit. Hardware circuit consists of a solar battery charging and discharging circuit, voltage acquisition and display circuit, the MCU control circuit and RS232 serial munication circuit, the main achievement of the acquisition and display battery voltage. Software is based in part on PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pulse width modulation co