【正文】 w pai nti ng styl es. Am ong the painters who broke away from the tradi ti onal style of pai nti ng were the Im presi oni sts, who l ived and worked i n Pari s. The Im presi oni sts were the fi rst painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how li ght and shadow fel on objects at different ti mes of day. H owever, because natural l ight changes so quickl y, the Im pressioni sts had to pai nt qui ckly. Thei r pai nti ngs were not as detail ed as those of earli er pai nters. At fi rst, m any peopl e disli ked thi s styl e of pai nti ng and becam e very angry about i t. They sai d that the pai nters were careless and thei r pai nti ngs were ri di culous. Modern Art (20th century to today) At the ti m e they were created, the Impressi onist pai nti ngs were controversi al , but today they are accepted as the begi nni ng of what we cal “m odern art”. Thi s is because the Im pressioni sts encouraged arti sts to l ook at their envi ronm ent i n new ways. There are scores of modern art styl es, but without the Im pressi onists, m any of these pai nting styl es m i ght not exi st. O n the one hand, som e m odern art i s abstract。 that i s, the pai nter does not atem pt to pai nt objects as we see them wi th our eyes, but i nstead concentrates on certai n qual iti es of the object, usi ng col or, li ne and shape to represent them. O n the other hand, som e pai nti ngs of m odern art are so reali sti c that they l ook li ke photographs. These styl es are so di ferent. Who can predict what pai nti ng styl es there wil l be i n the future? TH E BEST OF MANH ATTAN’S ART GALLERIES The Fri ck Col ecti on (5th Avenue and E. 70th Street) Many art l overs woul d rather vi sit thi s smal art gal ery than any other i n N ew York. H enry Cl ay Fri ck, a ri ch N ew Yorker, di ed i n 1919, l eavi ng hi s house, furni ture and art col ecti on to the Am eri can peopl e. Frick had a preference for pertwenti eth century Western pai nti ngs, and these are wel lrepresented i n this excel lent col ecti on. You can also expl ore Fri ck’s beautiful hom e and garden whi ch are wel l worth a vi si t. Guggenheim Museum (5th Avenue and 88th Street) Thi s m useum owns 5, 000 superb m odern pai nti ngs, scul ptures and drawi ngs. These art works are not al di spl ayed at the sam e ti me. The exhi biti on is al ways changi ng. It wil l appeal to those who l ove Im pressi onist and PostIm presi oni st pai ntings. The Guggenhei m Museum bui l di ng i s al so worl dfamous. When you walk i nto the gal ery, you feel as i f you were i nsi de a fragi le, whi te seashel l. The best way to se the pai nti ngs i s to start from the top fl oor and wal k down to the bottom . There are no stai rs, just a ci rcul ar path. The m useum al so has an excel ent restaurant. Metropoli tan Museum of Art (5th Avenue and 82nd Street) The reputati on of thi s museum l i es i n the vari ety of its art col ecti on. This covers m ore than 5, 000 years of ci vi li zati on from m any parts of the worl d, i ncl udi ng Am eri ca, Europe, Chi na, Egypt, other Afri can countri es and South Am eri ca. The m useum di spl ays m ore than just the visual del i ghts of art. It i ntroduces you to ancient ways of l i vi ng. You can vi si t an Egypti an tem pl e, a fragrant Mi ng garden, a typi cal room i n an 18th century French house and m any other special exhi bi ti ons. Museum of Modern Art ( 53rd Street. Between 5th and 6th Avenues) It i s am azi ng that so m any great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21 st century are housed i n the sam e m useum. The col l ecti on of Western art i ncl udes pai ntings by such fam ous arti sts as Mo, Van Gogh, Pi casso and Mati se. A few words of warni ng: the admi ssi on pri ce is not cheap and the museum i s often very crowded. Whi tney Museum of Am erican Art (945 Madi son Avenue, near 75th Street) The Whi tney hol ds an excel ent col l ecti on of contem porary Am eri can painti ng and scul pture. There are no perm anent di spl ays in thi s m useum and exhi bi ti ons change al l the tim e. Every two years, the Whi tney hol ds a special exhi bi ti on of new art by li vi ng arti sts. The m useum also shows vi deos and film s by contem porary vi deo arti sts. Uni t 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS There are vari ous reasons why peopl e wri te poetry. Some poem s tel l a story or descri be som ethi ng in a way that wi l gi ve the reader a strong i m pressi on. O thers try to convey certai n emotions. Poets use many different form s of poetry to expres them sel ves. In thi s text, however, we wi l l ook at a few of the si mpler forms. Some of the first poetry a young chil d l earns in Engl ish i s nursery rhymes. These rhymes l ike the one on the ri ght (A) are sti l a mon type of chi ldren’s poetry. The language is concrete but i maginative, and they deli ght smal chi ldren because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repeti ti on. The poems m ay not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By pl ayi ng wi th the words i n nursery rhymes, chil dren learn about l anguage. Hush, Young Li fesaver Schem e at hi s hi gh schol. When congratul ati ng John, Mr Alan Southerton, Di rector of the Young Li fesaver Schem e sai d, “There i s no doubt that John’s qui ck thinki ng and the fi rst ai d skil ls he l earned at school saved Ms Sl ade’s li fe. It shows that a knowl edge of first ai d can m ake a real di fference.” Before receivi ng thei r awards l ast ni ght, John and the ni ne other Li fe Savers attended a speci al reception yesterday hosted by the Prim e Mi nister. 選修六 Uni t 1 A SH O RT H ISTO RY O F WESTERN PAIN TIN G Art i s infl uenced by the customs and fai th of a peopl e. Styl es i n Western art have changed many tim es. As there are so m any di fferent styl es of Western art, i t woul d be i mpossi bl e to descri be al of the