外文翻譯---帶有只讀存儲(chǔ)器的單片機(jī)集成電路-單片機(jī)-展示頁(yè)
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【正文】 oprocessor based system the processing will be performed in the microprocessor itself. The storage will be by means of memory circuits and the munication of information into and out of the system will be by means of special input/output(I/O) circuits. It would be impossible to identify a particular piece of hardware which performed the counting in a microprocessor based clock because the time would be stored in the memory and incremented at regular intervals but the microprocessor. However, the software which defined the system?s behavior would contain sections that performed as counters. The apparently rather abstract approach to the architecture of the microprocessor and its associated circuits allows it to be very flexible in use, since the system is defined almost entirely software. The design process is largely one of software engineering, and the similar problems of construction and maintenance which occur in conventional engineering are encountered when producing software. Microputers use RAM (Random Access Memory) into which data can be written and from which data can be read again when needed. This data can be read back from the memory in any sequence desired, and not necessarily the same order in which it was written, hence the expression ?random? access memory. Another type of ROM (Read Only Memory) is used to hold fixed patterns of information which cannot be affected by the microprocessor。 the controller can be implemented as a generalpurpose microputer rather like a more robust version lf a hobby puter, or as a ?packaged? system, signed for replacing controllers based on older technologies such as electromagic relays. In the former case the system would probably be programmed in conventional programming languages such as the ones to9 be introduced later, while in the other case a specialpurpose language might be used, for example one which allowed the function of the controller to be described in terms of relay interconnections, In either case programs can be stored in RAM, which allows them to be altered to suit changes in application, but this makes the overall system vulnerable to loss lf power unless batteries are used to ensure continuity of supply. Alternatively programs can be stored in ROM, in which case they virtually bee part of the electronic ?hardware? and are often referred to as firmware. To be more precise ,the invention concerns a microcontroller integrated circuit .A microcontroller is usually a VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration) integrated circuit containing all or most of the ponents of a “puter”. Its function is not predefined but depends on the program that it executes. A microcontroller necessarily prises a processor core including a mand sequence (which is a device distributing various control signals to the instructions of a program),an arithmetic and logic unit (for processing the data) and registers(which are specialized memory units). The other ponents of the “puter” can be either internal or external to the microco
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