【正文】 agraph 1) are [A] more popular with large corporations. [B] more concrete. [C] less controversial. [D] less expensive to enforce. 4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial? [A] Corporate contracts with minorityowned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979. [B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minorityowned businesses declined by 25 percent. [C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minorityowned businesses. [D] The $ billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972. 5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors? [A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” anizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minorityowned subcontractors in the near future. [B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts. [C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s. [D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minorityowned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible. [答案與考點(diǎn)解析 ] 1. 【答案】 B 【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道中心主旨題。破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容和選項(xiàng) B中的 “its potential drawbacks”是相互吻合的。 2. 【答案】 A 【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道邏輯思維上的反推題，也可以 說是逆向思維題。該句在談?wù)撔〉钠髽I(yè)，大概內(nèi)容是“??一個(gè)小企業(yè)的投資要馬上在定貨中反映出效果，否則其士氣和財(cái)政前景都將深受影響”。希望考生加強(qiáng)逆向思維即反推的解題能力。考生要加強(qiáng)對(duì)原文中重點(diǎn)形容詞和副詞的理解。這種題的關(guān)鍵 在于利用原文的信息否定原文所要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。原文所要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是合同金額的增長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng) D所表達(dá)的信息是變化增長(zhǎng)數(shù)字背后的不變。 5. 【答案】 C 【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道關(guān)鍵詞語理解題。考生在備考過程中要盡力擴(kuò)大自己的詞匯量。人權(quán)活動(dòng)家早就指出過：黑人，拉美裔美國(guó)人，以及其他少數(shù)民族難以在生意場(chǎng)中立足的主要原因是他們?nèi)鄙倌艿玫接幸?guī)模的訂貨或與大公司分合同的機(jī)會(huì)。實(shí)際上，一些聯(lián)邦和地方機(jī)構(gòu)走得更遠(yuǎn)，它們甚至規(guī)定了公共合同有多少比例要分給少數(shù)民族公司。從 1977 年統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)看， 與少數(shù)民族企業(yè)簽訂的合同金額由 1972年的 7700萬美元升至 1977年的 11 億美元。 盡管這對(duì)少數(shù)民族企業(yè)來說前途光明，這種增加的財(cái)源也給它們帶來了危險(xiǎn)。如果其后由于某種原因其合同量減少，它們將會(huì)遇到潛在的財(cái)政危機(jī)。評(píng)估和投標(biāo)都消耗時(shí)間、資源，而且一個(gè)小企業(yè)的投資要馬上在定貨中反映出效果，否則其士氣和財(cái)政前景都將深受影響。當(dāng)然，在許多時(shí)候，合資是有正當(dāng)理由的；顯然，白人和少數(shù)民族企業(yè)可以聯(lián)合起來做成任何一方都無法單獨(dú)完成的事業(yè)。 第三，已獲得一個(gè)大客戶的生意的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)常會(huì)有陷入依賴性的危險(xiǎn)。 SAMPLE 2 [生物學(xué)類 ] 題目序號(hào) 題型歸類 第 1題 審題定位題型 第 2題 句間關(guān)系題型 第 3題 審題定位題型 第 4題 歸納推導(dǎo)題型 第 5題 段落結(jié)構(gòu)題型 The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hangglider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were — reptiles or birds — are among the questions scientists have puzzled over. Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body. The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts. Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warmblooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct. Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’ hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne. 1. It can be inferred from the text that scientist now generally agree that the [A] enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances. [B] structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats. [C] fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight. [D] pterosaurs were reptiles. 2. The author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as [A] revolutionary. [B] unlikely. [C] unassailable. [D]