【正文】 duction process production enterprises, which have special requirements on the equipment management and personnel training. (5) process are industrial control system {such as production enterprises: DCS (distributed control system) and PLC (process control system)}, to monitor the production by IPC。t stop。 management objectives. It must be management features for different industries, to meet the personalized needs of users management. Different enterprises have different management characteristics: 1 Discrete Manufacturing Industry: such as the automotive industry, electronic industry, is a typical discrete manufacturing, management features are typical of the MTO enterprises, enterprises will have a master plan according to the orders and market forecast information, then generate the master production plan to use for the material plan, until finally deposed into job shop scheduling. Enterprises according to plan when appropriate to obtain appropriate materials, the production amount of products. SAP, the Lima pany in manufacturing ERP stronger panies. China Xinda pany successful implementation of Haier group project is a typical discrete manufacturing industry. 2, the characteristics of modity circulation industry is typical: no production, its product value mainly through their service and buy and sell price difference to achieve, so the key management and control is the supplier of choice, price strategy, merchandise inventory management and enterprise cost control and customer satisfaction and loyalty management. A successful enterprise in circulation should be the lowest cost, purchasing the goods to meet customer requirements, customer to sell at the right price. So for the modity circulation enterprises focus on its management should be the procurement management, merchandise inventory management, sales management and customer management. Successful management of these links will enhance their visibility, making the most petitive prices in order to expand the market, provide an effective means of. 3, the process enterprise: such as chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber and other industries in the following aspects has the characteristics of its management: (1), the process of production enterprises is continuous, multi product production, warehouse type or mixed type of production, plex technology. But not like machine processing enterprises pursuing JIT management of production, no inventory production。為企業(yè)迎接全球經(jīng)濟一體化的更加激烈的市場競爭做好充分的準備。它也將成提高管理水平參與市場競爭，必不可少的有力工具。因此，管理咨詢 是 ERP 項目實施的核心。 實施項目的第一步就是管理咨詢即針對企業(yè)的需求進行調(diào)研并根據(jù)調(diào)研的情況對企業(yè)目前的管理情況進行診斷和業(yè)務流程重組（ BPR），然后，根據(jù)管理咨詢報告提出企業(yè)的 ERP 實施方案。而 ERP 廠商則更加專注于產(chǎn)品的精雕細琢，另外廠商也開始注重渠道的建設通過分銷商和代理商來完成項目的實施服務。即： ERP 與上游的 B2B 和下游的 B2C 等相結合，使企業(yè)與供應商、客戶之間的溝通渠道更為暢通，也大大提高的工作效率。 Inter 技術已經(jīng)歷了多年的獨立發(fā)展，隨著這一技術的日益成熟，及其所具有的便捷、易用、普及方便等特點，電子商務將在 ERP 系統(tǒng)中的很多應用領域扮演重要角色，與電子商務緊密相結合的 ERP 系統(tǒng)，將使企業(yè)為客戶提供服務實現(xiàn)自助化。華夏新達公司正在進行這方面的工作，不久新世紀 /ERP 與新世紀 /OA 相融合的新產(chǎn)品就會誕生。同時，由 ERP 系統(tǒng)加工、匯總、分析生成 輸出的信息以報表或報告的形式通過 OA 系統(tǒng)主動地傳遞到企業(yè)內(nèi)外的相關機構和管理部門，而由OA 系統(tǒng)中經(jīng)領導批復的報告、計劃、通知則通過 OA 系統(tǒng)的工作流管理直接下達到企業(yè)的執(zhí)行單位。 4． ERP 系統(tǒng)與 OA 產(chǎn)品相融合。 ERP 廠商在長期為用戶服務的基礎上，形成了自己的技術特色和風格。 目前國內(nèi)的大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品基本上完成了由 F/SC/S 結構的轉型，但由 C/SB/S 結構的轉型尚末完全完成，而隨著INTERNET 的日益流行， B/S 結構的產(chǎn)品應用簡單，安裝方便、程序維護量小越來越受廣 大客戶的歡迎，國 內(nèi)已有部分廠商推出了自已的 B/S 結構的產(chǎn)品，雖然還不盡如人意，但它代表了一種趨勢和潮流。中間件技術的應用使ERP 產(chǎn)品的更新速度大大加快，同時也降低了產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)成本。 第三、 應用 ERP 的開發(fā)技術上有新的趨勢和突破 1．中間件技術的運用 中間件是處于平臺與應用之間具有標準的協(xié)議與接口的通用服務子集，應用該技術開發(fā)人員無須對不同的設備和系統(tǒng)平臺設計不同的代碼，只要采用標準化的中間件作為基礎構件，就可迅速地開發(fā)出具有良好的可擴 展性、高可用性和可移值性的企業(yè)管理軟件。 華夏新達公司在其產(chǎn)品新世紀/ERP 中已體現(xiàn)了功能的模塊化，使其根據(jù)用戶個性化的需求，進行分步實施和快速實施。 正是因為后者的這種靈活性，并考慮到 one－ size－ fit－ all 式系統(tǒng)的不現(xiàn)實，模