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【正文】 as rotating an electric motor). For example, a television set contains these 3 parts. The television39。s input transforms a broadcast signal (received by an antenna or fed in through a cable) into a current/voltage signal that can be used by the device. Signal processing circuits inside the television extract information from this signal that dictates brightness, colour and sound level. Output devices then convert this information back into physical form. A cathode ray tube transforms electronic signals into a visible image on the screen. Magdriven speakers convert signals into audible sound. Electronic devices and ponents An electronic ponent is any physical entity in an electronic system whose intention is to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a desired manner consistent with the intended function of the electronic system. Components are generally intended to be in mutual electromechanical contact, usually by being soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB), to create an electronic circuit with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or oscillator). Components may be packaged singly or in more or less plex groups as integrated circuits. Types of circuits Analog circuits Most analog electronic appliances, such as radio receivers, are constructed from binations of a few types of basic circuits. Analog circuits use a continuous range of voltage as opposed to discrete levels as in digital circuits. The number of different analog circuits so far devised is huge, especially because a 39。 can be defined as anything from a single ponent, to systems containing thousands of ponents. Analog circuits are sometimes called linear circuits although many nonlinear effects are used in analog circuits such as mixers, modulators, etc. Good examples of analog circuits include vacuum tube and transistor amplifiers, operational amplifiers and oscillators. Some analog circuitry these days may use digital or even microprocessor techniques to improve upon the basic performance of the circuit. This type of circuit is usually called mixed signal. Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between analog and digital circuits as they have elements of both linear and nonlinear operation. An example is the parator which takes in a continuous range of voltage but puts out only one of two levels as in a digital circuit. Similarly, an overdriven transistor amplifier can take on the characteristics of a controlled switch having essentially two levels of output. Digital circuits Main article:
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