【正文】 pment is working and the Web. With the ubiquity of PCs , Ether now dominates as the standard work infrastructure for panies worldwide. Summary Virtual instrumentation is fueled by everadvancing puter technology and offers us the power to create and de?ne a system based on an open framework . This concept not only ensures that a work will be usable in the future but also provides the ?exibility to adapt and extend as needs change. Lab VIEW was designed with scientists and engineers in mind, providing powerful tools and a familiar development environment created speci?cally for the design of virtual instruments. Finally, system design software that provides an intuitive interface for designing custom instrumentation systems furthers virtual instrumentation . Lab VIEW is an example of such software. The Lab VIEW graphical development environment offers the performance and ?exibility of a programming language, as well as highlevel functionality and con?guration utilities designed speci?cally for measurement and automation applications. 。 附件 2： 外文原文（復印件） Introduction to Virtual Instrumentation Author : Grzegorz Polakqw , Mieczyslaw Abstract : The technique characteristics and the design methods of virtual instrument on Lab VIEW software are introduced. The key techniques of the virtual instrument is software, the main function of the instrument is realized by the software, so called software namely instrument . The weapon equipments cannot realize its real performance because o f its single simulator technology. Use of virtual instrument couled not only save a great quantity of funds for equipments, but also increase the quality and efficiency. The people w ho use the virtual instrument can take participate in the equipments procedure of produce and design. Key Words: virtual instrument Lab VIEW design Learning Objectives. On pletion of this chapter the reader will have a knowledge on: – History of Instrumentation Systems – Evolution of Virtual Instrumentation – Premature Challenges of VI – De?nition of Virtual Instrumentation – Architecture of Virtual Instrumentation – Evolution of Lab VIEW – Creating Virtual Instruments using Lab VIEW – Advantages of Lab VIEW – Virtual Instrumentation in the Engineering Process – Virtual Instruments Beyond the Personal Computer Introduction An instrument is a device designed to collect data from an environment, or from a unit under test, and to display information to a user based on the Collected data, Such an instrument may employ a transd user to sense changes In a physical parameter, such as temperature or pressure, and to convert the Sensed information into electrical signals, such as voltage or frequency variations. The term instrument may also be de?ned as a physical software device .That performs an analysis on data acquired from another instrument and then outputs the processed data to display or recording devices. This second category of recording instruments may include oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, and digital millimeters. The types of source data collected and analyzed by Instruments may thus vary widely. Introduction to Virtual Instrumentation temperature, pressure, distance, frequency and amplitudes of light and sound, and electrical parameters including voltage, current, and frequency. Virtual instrumentation is an interdisciplinary ?eld that merges sensing, hardware, and software technologies in order to create ?exible and sophisticated instruments for control and monitoring applications. The concept of virtual instrumentation was born in late1970s,when microprocessor technology enabled a machine’s function to be more easily changed by changing its software. The ?exibility is possible as the capabilities of a virtual instrument depend very little on