【正文】 的開頭，結(jié)尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因?yàn)樗鼈兺恼碌闹行淖h題?？傊瑧?yīng)該學(xué)會在閱讀中多思索，多分析，既要看到文章的字面意思，也要推斷出字里行間的含義，作者的意圖，切記做題時要遵循原文，不要憑空想象，夾雜個人思想。④應(yīng)該先做容易的題，難題可放在后面有時間再做。②遇到不認(rèn)識的生詞，不要害怕或馬上查字典，要繼續(xù)讀下去，根據(jù)上下文的意思推測詞義。⑤判斷正誤型。②細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)型。該試題類型所提供的閱讀材料一般淺于所學(xué)的課文，它要求考生通讀全文后能夠理解其內(nèi)容，然后做文章后面的題目，即從四個選項(xiàng)中選出能回答所提問題或判斷所給句子與原文內(nèi)容是否相符等題目。閱讀能力是一項(xiàng)重要的語言技能，閱讀理解要求我們既要具備一定的詞匯量和語法知識，較多的語言經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累和良好的語言感覺，又要具備一定的文化背景知識和相關(guān)的閱讀技能。題型特點(diǎn)1. 閱讀理解對考生的要求：《新課標(biāo)》規(guī)定：英語學(xué)習(xí)的目的是通過聽、說、讀、寫的訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生獲得英語基礎(chǔ)知識和為交際運(yùn)用英語的能力，以及發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維能力和自學(xué)能力。特別要把握文章的最后幾句，分析它們與上文的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，找出文章的“幽默點(diǎn)”。6. 史地文化：設(shè)計某個或幾個國家、地區(qū)、河流、山脈、海洋、城鎮(zhèn)等的地理位置以及與之相關(guān)的社會生活、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文歷史、自然資源、文化習(xí)俗等方面的情況，相當(dāng)一部分文章還附有圖表供理解或選擇。3. 新聞報道：主題突出；要點(diǎn)明顯（五個“W”：when，where，who，what，which）4. 人物傳記：以記敘某個人物的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、成長或奮斗歷程為主。2. 哲理短文：有理論、有事實(shí)。中考英語復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解五大題型解題方法：閱讀理解主旨大意閱讀理解主旨大意一、考點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)回顧主要特點(diǎn)：文體多樣，題材各異，生活化，知識化。近年來，閱讀篇目題材形式有如下特征：1. 科普知識：介紹科普知識、科研動態(tài)以及科技成果的開發(fā)、特點(diǎn)、用途等等。作者往往根據(jù)一些很普通的事實(shí)，通過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S，縝密的推理得出一個具有普遍性或指導(dǎo)性的觀點(diǎn)。5. 短篇故事：與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是一件具體的事情的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等。7. 幽默小品：這類文章是對社會生活、人的性格特點(diǎn)、行為舉止的某些可笑的特征進(jìn)行戲劇性描繪的特殊文體。8. 圖形表格：無文字表述，或只有少量的文字表述。閱讀理解要求能獨(dú)立閱讀所學(xué)的語言材料范圍內(nèi)生詞率不超過2%的材料。（1. 記敘類：考點(diǎn)：寫人與說事方面的材料閱讀理解難點(diǎn)：說事方面的材料閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)：新聞焦點(diǎn)人物或最新發(fā)生的事情（2. 說明類：考點(diǎn)：說明類材料的閱讀理解難點(diǎn)：涉及地理知識的閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)：介紹最近的一些高科技產(chǎn)品發(fā)明以及介紹一些動物知識（3. 議論類：考點(diǎn)：議社交文化禮儀、環(huán)保方面、談家庭、學(xué)校、國家文化教育理念、太空探索方面的閱讀理解難點(diǎn)：太空探索方面的閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)：社交文化禮儀、環(huán)境保護(hù)、文化教育理念、太空探索（4. 應(yīng)用文：考點(diǎn)：廣告類、書信、電子郵件、便條、圖表等其他類型的應(yīng)用文閱讀理解難點(diǎn)：廣告類的應(yīng)用文熱點(diǎn)：廣告類的應(yīng)用文2. 閱讀題的題型特點(diǎn)：在中考試題中，閱讀理解舉足輕重，占卷面總分的35%，近幾年中考試題中，閱讀理解題設(shè)計的大多題型為單項(xiàng)選擇，判斷正誤，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全信息或根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡略回答問題。這一題型著重測試學(xué)生理解性閱讀的能力，通常有以下幾種類型：①主題思想型。③推理判斷型④猜測詞義型。3. 解題思路與技巧①同學(xué)拿到文章后，先將其通讀1~2遍，注意文章開頭的句子和每段的首句，它們往往是對段落或全文意思起概括或引導(dǎo)性的句子，無論是科普性質(zhì)的說明文還是故事性的記敘文，在閱讀時，都應(yīng)積極地開動腦筋，調(diào)動大腦中儲存的有效知識和想象力，邊讀邊設(shè)想，有時會使晦澀難懂的句子變得輕松易懂，根據(jù)文章的性質(zhì)，在閱讀時還要有意識地記住關(guān)鍵的內(nèi)容和詞匯，如：人物、事情發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、情節(jié)和結(jié)局。③當(dāng)讀到文章含義不明的地方，往往是某些詞語的理解沒有銜接好，所以在閱讀時，要注意識別代詞，如this，it，one等，根據(jù)上下文判斷其指代內(nèi)容，注意識別省略成分，明確省略內(nèi)容；注意識別表示并列，轉(zhuǎn)折（and，but，so，or，for），因果（because，as，so that）等邏輯關(guān)系及相關(guān)標(biāo)志詞，如at first，for example，then，at last，in a word等，以達(dá)到對文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確把握和理解。⑤選項(xiàng)完成之后，應(yīng)趁熱打鐵，把文章復(fù)讀一遍，用全文的主題思想來統(tǒng)率各個題目，并反復(fù)審核那些沒有把握的題目，爭取做到意通理順，理解無誤。技能訓(xùn)練1. 主旨大意題：這類題目主要是考查對作者意圖或文章意圖的理解，寫一篇文章或者陳述一個事實(shí)，或者解釋一個問題，或者論證一個道理，這種“陳述”“解釋”“論證”就是作者的意圖，在閱讀理解中，作者意圖和文章意圖是統(tǒng)一的、一致的、不可分割的。遇到主旨大意題，首先要掌握字面信息，其次對全部信息進(jìn)行加工概括，獲取信息內(nèi)涵，得出合理主題。 例3. Small children often laugh at lame or blind person or someone in bad clothes. But as they grow up, they learn not to hurt people’s feelings by laughing at their problems. They learn to laugh at themselves. For example, you make a mistake and lost in a football match. Do you bee angry? Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time? If you can, it’s a good sign you’ve really grow up. The text is mostly about _____________. A. why laugh is good for your bodyB. what you should laugh atC. where you may laughD. how you can laugh at yourself三、過手訓(xùn)練（A）Many people believe that bats are blind. We often hear the saying “Blind as bats.” But bats can find their way around very well, because they can see with their ears. This is not funny as it seems. Most bats make a high sound. It is so high that we can not hear without ears. They screech when they move around, and the echoes of these cries e back to their ears. In this way they can tell where things are.Bats go out to eat at night . In the daytime they hang close together in their caves, trees or other dark places. When evening es, they fly out to look for food. In the morning they e back home to rest until the next evening es. Bats are very useful animals. They have insects for food, and they kill a lot of insects every year.1. The best title of the passage is_____A. “How People Looks at Bats”B. “How Bats Look for Food”C. “How Bats See Things”D. “Bats”2. The main idea of the first paragraph is_____________.A. how people look at batsB. how bats find thingsC. how bats find foodD. how bats eat insect3. The main idea of second paragraph is______________A. when bats go to look for food B. how bats eat for food C. what bats eat for food D. why bats go out at night（B）A Strange Way of Sending A MessageSome people don’t need a mailbox to send a message. They use a bottle instead. Here are two stories about people who sent a message in a bottle. Both of them are true.In 1956, a sailor from Sweden was on a ship. He wrote a letter, asking others to write to him. He put the letter in a bottle and threw the bottle into the sea. Two years later, a man found the bottle on a beach in Italy. He read the letter and showed it to his daughter. She was 18. As a joke, she wrote to the sailor. They began to write to each other. In a few months, they were married.Here is the second story. Back in 1924, a boy from Arkansas wrote his name on the back of his picture. He put the picture in a bottle and threw the bottle into a river.The bottle was not found for many years. Then one day a man named Bill picked it up on a beach in Florida. He pulled the picture out of the bottle and looked at it. He could hardly believe his eyes. The boy in the picture was his old friend, Tom, from Arkansas, Bill had not seen Tom for 25 years. Somehow the bottle had e to the right place.8. What is the main idea of the whole story? A. Sailing on a ship.B. Sending a message in a bottle.C. Sending a message to Italy.D. How to send a message.（C）The population of the earth is being larger and larger. There are now more than 5000 million people on the earth. By the year 2000, there will be over 1000 million people more. Where will all these millions live? More houses ,blocks of flats and skyscrapers（摩天大樓） will have to be built. Soon no new house will be able to have a garden. Man will have to build houses under the sea. By the twentyfirst century many men will probably to live on other planets（行星） if life is found to be possible there. Scientists are already working on this possibility. Then there will be regular flights（定期飛行）in spaceships from the earth to these planets. 9. The best title for the passage is ___________. A. Housing problem in the Twenty first centu