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副詞 意義及用法說(shuō)明 例句 hard “努力地,辛苦的,劇烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副詞 It’s raining hard. hardly “幾乎不”,是否定副詞 I can hardly understand his words. 3. already, yet 和 still 副詞 意義及用法說(shuō)明 例句 already 常用于肯定句 I have already finished my homework. yet 常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句句末 Have you heard from him yet? still 常用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句,表示某事還在進(jìn)行 He still works until late every night. 4. much too 和 too much 副詞短語(yǔ) 意義及用法說(shuō)明 例句 much too “非常,極其,太”,much 和 too 都是副詞,中心詞是 too,much 修飾 too,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,much too 修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。 2. 副詞的功能 (1) 作狀語(yǔ) 如:He works hard. (2) 作表語(yǔ) 如:He is in. (3) 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 如:Let them in. 【即學(xué)即練】 1. —Could you tell me _____ you39。關(guān)系副詞常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。疑問(wèn)副詞常用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。 有些程度副詞可以修飾形容詞、副詞的原級(jí),有些能修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)。方式副詞大多由“形容詞+ly”構(gòu)成。地點(diǎn)副詞和動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)不加介詞。 時(shí)間副詞是確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志,所以一定要牢固掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志。 lucklucky。 (7) 表示形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,如:plastic, silky, wooden 等。 (5) 表示顏色的形容詞,如 black, white, blue 等。 (3) 表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等的形容詞,如 tall, high, small, little, round 等。通??砂聪旅娴拇涡蚺帕校?(1) 限定詞,包括:冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞等。如:You must keep your eyes closed. 【即學(xué)即練】 Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now he feels very _____.(2016 貴陽(yáng)) A. sleep B. asleep C. sleepy ,變成名詞,表示一類人,常見(jiàn)詞有 good/ bad/, rich/ poor, young/ old, black/ white 等。如:The nice girl is my sister. (2) 作表語(yǔ),放在系動(dòng)詞之后。中考形容詞和副詞的基本用法和練習(xí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)① 形容詞和副詞的基本用法② 形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析知識(shí)梳理 形容詞和副詞的基本用法(一)形容詞 1. 形容詞的用法及位置說(shuō)明人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài),常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞的詞叫形容詞。 (1) 作定語(yǔ),放在名詞之前,復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如:He looks very happy. (3) 作賓補(bǔ),放在賓語(yǔ)之前,常與 make, leave, keep 等動(dòng)詞連用。 如:The young should be polite to the old. 當(dāng)名詞由兩個(gè)以上的形容詞(包括一些具有形容詞功能的限定詞)修飾時(shí),這些詞的順序通常遵循一定的規(guī)則,一般不得隨意調(diào)換,也不能依照漢語(yǔ)的意思去排列。 (2) 表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,如 beautiful, fine, interesting 等。 (4) 表示年齡、新舊的形容詞,如:young, old, new 等。 (6) 表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞,如 Japanese, American, English, rural 等。如:two round blue plastic plates 兩個(gè)圓形的藍(lán)色塑料盤 順口溜:限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高,形狀年齡新和老,色國(guó)料 名詞 構(gòu)成方法 意義 舉例 表示天氣現(xiàn)象的名詞 y 充滿…的,多…的 cloudcloudy 表示方位的名詞 ern …方位的,朝…方的 westwestern 表示稱謂的名詞 ly …般的 friendfriendly 表示時(shí)間的名詞 ly 每…的 weekweekly 表示物質(zhì)的名詞 en 由…制成的 woodwooden 表示抽象意義的名詞 ful/ less y/ …的/ …的/ 無(wú)…的 carecareful。 hopehopeless 表示大洲與國(guó)家的名詞 n …的/ …人的 AsiaAsian (二)副詞 1. 副詞的分類 (1) 時(shí)間副詞 時(shí)間副詞有 now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, lately, early, already, yet, ever 等。 (2) 地點(diǎn)副詞 地點(diǎn)副詞有 outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere 等。 (3) 方式副詞方式副詞有 quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast 等。 (4) 程度副詞程度副詞有 very, quite, rather, too, much, so 等。 (5) 疑問(wèn)副詞疑問(wèn)副詞有 when, where, why, how 等。 (6) 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有 when, where, why。 (7) 頻度副詞頻度副詞有 often, usually, never 等。ll go to Paris? —Next month. (2016 天津) A. why B. where C. when D. how 2. —______ are the students in your class? —Most of them are only fourteen. (2016 湖北) A. How long B. How old C. How many D. How often 3. —Have you ever been to Beijing? —No, ________.(2016 寧夏) A. never B. ever C. always D. sometimes 特色講解形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析(一)形容詞的詞義辨析 在英語(yǔ)中有很多形容詞后需要加特定的介詞構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有: (1) 與 about 搭配: be careful about 對(duì)……小心 be sure about 對(duì)……有把握 be crazy about 對(duì)……熱衷 be worried about 對(duì)……擔(dān)憂 be sorry about 對(duì)……感到遺憾 (2) 與 at 搭配: be annoyed at 對(duì)……惱怒 be angry at 對(duì)……生氣 be good at 對(duì)……方面擅長(zhǎng) be surprised at 對(duì)…..感到驚奇be mad at 對(duì)……憤怒 (3) 與 for 搭配: be famous for 因……而著名 be ready for 為……做好準(zhǔn)備 be good for…… 對(duì)……有好處 be bad for…… 對(duì)……有壞處 be thirsty for…… 渴望…… (4) 與 from 搭配: be absent from 缺席 be different from 與……不同 be separated from 和……分離開(kāi) (5) 與 in 搭配: be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣 be weak in 在……方面薄弱 be poor in 缺乏,貧乏 be different in 在……方面不同 be successful in 在……成功 (6) 與 of 搭配: be afraid of 害怕 be fond of 喜歡 be proud of 為……感到自豪 be tired of 對(duì)……感到厭倦 be short of ……短缺 (7) 與 to 搭配: be close to 接近,靠近 be good to 對(duì)……好 be kind to 對(duì)……和藹 be rude to 對(duì)……粗魯 be polite to 對(duì)……有禮貌 (8) 與 with 搭配: be angry with 對(duì)……生氣 be careful with 小心 be busy with 忙于 be satisfied with 對(duì)……感到滿意 be patient with 對(duì)……有耐心 2. –ing 形容詞和ed 形容詞 ing 形容詞 ed 形容詞 例句 surprising 令人驚訝的 surprised 感到驚訝的 This is a surprising story. I am surprised at the news. interesting 有趣的 interested 感興趣的 I have an interesting book. He is interested in science. exciting 令人興奮地 excited 感到興奮地 Have you heard of the exciting news? We are excited about travelling. moving 令人感動(dòng)的 moved 受感動(dòng)的 Titanic is a moving film. We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply. tiring 令人疲憊的 tired 感到疲倦的 It’s a long tiring day. I’m too tired. 3. farther 和 further 易混詞 意義及用法說(shuō)明 例句 farther far 的比較級(jí),在談?wù)摰攸c(diǎn)、方向或距離時(shí),farther 和 further 可以互換 I was so tired that I couldn’t walk any farther/ further. further far 的比較級(jí),表示“在更大程度上,在更大范圍內(nèi),進(jìn)一步”等時(shí),不能與 farther 互換 He went abroad for further. 4. older 和 elder 易混詞 意義及用法說(shuō)明 例句 older 常用于比較句型中,表示 “較老的,較舊的,年紀(jì)較大的” Your bike is older than mine. elder 尤指同一家庭里兩個(gè)成員 He’s my elder brother. 中“年紀(jì)較長(zhǎng)的” (二)副詞的詞義辨析 1. how long, how soon, how often 和 how far 疑問(wèn)副詞短語(yǔ) 意義及用法說(shuō)明 例句 how long “多久,多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,對(duì)一個(gè)持續(xù)的時(shí)間段提問(wèn),常用 “for+時(shí)間段”或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”回答 —How long have you been in China? —For three months. how soon “多快,多久以后”,對(duì)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作提問(wèn),用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中,常用“in+ 時(shí)間段”回答 —How soon will he e back? —In five months. how often “多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次”,對(duì)頻率提問(wèn),常用 once/twice/three times a week 等回答。 The car is much too expensive. too much “太多”,中心詞是 much, too 修飾 much,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,too much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞,與 too many 相對(duì)應(yīng), too many 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 more and more B. less and less。 less and less D. fewer and fewer。 long B. older。 the longest D. the oldest。 most happily B. the happiest。 happiest 9.(2017 江蘇連云港)—How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Zhao Lei? —Oh, I have never enjoyed a ______ one before. A. worst B. best C. worse D. better 10.(2017 重慶 B 卷)Peter is _______ boy in our class and he often helps us carry heavy things.