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苦作舟頁碼:第15頁 共15頁燃料電池及在大連化物所的發(fā)展衣寶廉 張華民 明平文(中國科學院大連化學物理研究所 )衣寶廉 張華民 明平文(中國科學院大連化學物理研究所 大連 116023) Fuel Cells and the Activities in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CASBaolian YI. Huamin ZHANG. Pingwen MING(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023 )AbstractThe principles, types, and status of fuel cell are introduced in brief. Dalian Institue of Chemical Physics (DICP) began the fuel cell research for Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) from 1960s. In 9th 5year Plan, DICP acted as a leadship member in National Key Project, Fuel Cell Technology. A set of technology was taken out independently. Nowadays DICP focus on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Recently a new corp. named Dalian Sunrise Power Co., Ltd. was founded for the mercialization of fuel cells, especially for that of PEMFC. DICP is the main shareholder of Sunrise Power for its fuel cell technology. 一. 原理,分類與技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 1. 原理 燃料電池(FC)是一種等溫進行、直接將儲存在燃料和氧化劑中的化學能高效(5070%),環(huán)境友好地轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的發(fā)電裝置[1]。它的發(fā)電原理與化學電源一樣,電極提供電子轉(zhuǎn)移的場所,陽極催化燃料如氫的氧化過程,陰極催化氧化劑如氧等的還原過程;導(dǎo)電離子在將陰陽極分開的電解質(zhì)內(nèi)遷移,電子通過外電路作功并構(gòu)成電的回路。它的燃料和氧化劑不是儲存在電池內(nèi),而是儲存在電池外的儲罐中。FC本身只決定輸出功率的大小其儲存能量則由儲存在儲罐內(nèi)的燃料與氧化劑的量決定。氫氣在陽極與堿中的OH 在電催化劑的作用下,發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)生成水和電子: H2 + 2 OH H2O