【正文】 he end of the GU Cheng “Nanming History” section I wrote the first chapter : “It appears in the Chinese officials, Girdles, Dashun regime replacing only the Ming Dynasty, ”Yixing changed,“ Zhu Ming dynasty in the struggle to survive is the clan, the Xunchen like ”Roushizhe“ matter with the general Officials Making Christianity is not much?！笨梢?jiàn)，明朝的民眾，已經(jīng)把滿清入關(guān)與以前的改朝換代嚴(yán)格區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。這里的“亡國(guó)”是現(xiàn)代意義上的政權(quán)消亡，這里的“亡天下”則是現(xiàn)代意義上的民族國(guó)家的淪亡。”學(xué)者黃宗羲所言,“明亡于闖賊,乃亡國(guó)也,亡于滿清,則亡天下”。亡國(guó)與亡天下奚辨?曰:易姓改號(hào),謂之亡國(guó)。s Han hairstyle clothing, China is Han Chinese culture and Chinese shows that Confucius was also put China and China Han Han Chinese culture as orthodox and not orthodox tribe replace socalled “barbarians into China, then China”, where the “YellowChina” refers to the naturalization, containing China, is not a foreign conqueror gesture to conquer ，大儒學(xué)家顧炎武提出了“亡國(guó)”與“亡天下”之辨。s glorious traditions, once the alien invasion, it would heroic resistance never allow foreign invaders usurp China orthodox engraving of Huo Qubing “Huns not extinguished, and why the family”, Yue Fei39。所謂的“夷狄入中國(guó)，則中國(guó)之”，這里的“夷狄入中國(guó)”指的是歸化、內(nèi)附中國(guó)，決不是以外來(lái)征服者的姿態(tài)征服中國(guó)。什么叫“披發(fā)左衽”？ “披發(fā)左衽”的反義詞，就是“束發(fā)右衽”，也就是華夏漢族的發(fā)型服裝，是華夏漢族和華夏漢文化的代表。從霍去病的“匈奴未滅，何以家為”，到岳飛的“精忠報(bào)國(guó)”，每一次遭受外侵，古代中國(guó)人都奮起抵抗，無(wú)一不驗(yàn)證了這一光榮傳統(tǒng)。中國(guó)是華夏漢族建立并以華夏漢族為主體的國(guó)家。After the Han Dynasty, although some alien invasion originally established by the regime are calling themselves “Chinese” But this does not mean that the Chinese they are the selfstyled “China” usually refers to a geographical concept of “heartland,” rather than a national sense of “China.” Even in the history of any regime claiming the Chinese regime, it does not necessarily mean it really is the Chinese to historical data, the Japanese are often called himself “China” and “China.” For example, “in connection with” Volume 117, Nara era Fujiwara containing widely Nations in the year 740(Tang Dynasty 1939), Table Main : “Beidi Rong Falcon secular and Wolf easy chaotic, difficult to tame have e to ancient China after the , Zhutang change, I will rebel.” The end of World War II, the Japanese emperor in “the end of the war rescript” Japan also known as “Divine”, but Japan and China is obviously the judgment on whether a regime of the Chinese regime, it39。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束，日本天皇在《終戰(zhàn)詔書(shū)》中還把日本稱(chēng)為“神州”，但是日本和中國(guó)顯然是兩國(guó)。例如《大日本史》卷117，載奈良時(shí)代藤原廣嗣在公元740年（唐代開(kāi)元二十八年）上表日主：“北狄蝦夷，西戎隼俗，狼性易亂，野心難馴。即使歷史上的某個(gè)政權(quán)自稱(chēng)中國(guó)政權(quán)，也未必代表它就真的是中國(guó)政權(quán)。s table in the surrounding landscape are not the shadow of the sun, we think this is the center of the earth, so that goes to ，雖然有些外族入侵中原后建立的政權(quán)也自稱(chēng)“中國(guó)”，但是并不代表它們就是中國(guó)政權(quán)。相傳3000年前，周公在陽(yáng)城(今河南登封)用土圭測(cè)度日影，測(cè)得夏至這一天午時(shí)，八尺之表于周?chē)拔锞鶝](méi)有日影，便認(rèn)為這是大地的中心，因此周朝謂之中國(guó)。隨著皇帝統(tǒng)治疆土的變化，中國(guó)一詞所包括的范圍也相應(yīng)有所不同。沙奎爾奧尼爾說(shuō)：姚明非常敏捷，他能打內(nèi)線也能打外線，如果他要是沒(méi)有這樣多的傷病就不會(huì)這么早退役。他的退役在中國(guó)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)新浪微博上引起了1億2千萬(wàn)人的熱議。t have those injuries He would not have such an early retirement.” 2011年7月20日，在上海的一個(gè)記者招待會(huì)上宣布退出籃壇。te?ri:?n]）aspirations and a sense of humor.” Shaquille O39。s retirement, NBA missioner David Stern said Yao was a “bridge between Chinese and American fans” and that he had “a wonderful mixture of talent, dedication, humanitarian（[.:hju:,m230。2009年7月，姚明和醫(yī)生討論了病情，在幾周的咨詢后，姚明為了修復(fù)他的左腳要進(jìn)行手術(shù)。fr230。而剛剛進(jìn)入他的第五個(gè)賽季，也就是2006年9月23號(hào)，姚明再次受傷，這次是他在試圖完成一次投籃時(shí)傷到了右膝蓋。laitis])in the big toe on his left foot, and surgery was performed on the toe on December 18, he had missed 21 games until into his fifth season, Yao was injured again, this time breaking his right knee on December 23, 2006, while attempting to block a he was medically cleared to play on March 4, 2007, after missing 34 ，他只錯(cuò)過(guò)了缺席了兩場(chǎng)，在第四個(gè)賽季中，由于他左腳大腳趾的骨髓炎的惡化，被放在了未被激活的名單中了，并且大腳趾的手術(shù)被安排在2005年12月18號(hào)進(jìn)行。Entering the NBA Draft Yao entered the 2002 NBA Draft，and was seleted by houston ，姚明被休斯頓火箭隊(duì)選中。Early life and CBA career Yao joined the senior team of the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association(CBA)at age Wang Zhizhi left the Bayi Rockets to bee the first NBA player from China the following year, the Sharks finally won their first CBA 。姚明曾被選入NBA西部聯(lián)盟全明星比賽8次，被NBA命名為最佳陣容五次。在他的最后一個(gè)賽季，他是NBA中最高的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，Yao, who was born in Shanghai, started playing for the Shanghai Sharks as a teenager, and played on their senior team for five years in the Chinese Basketball Association(CBA), winning a championship in his final negotiating with the CBA and the Sharks to secure his release, Yao was selected by the Houston Rockets as the first overall pick in the 2002 NBA was selected to start for the Western Conference in the NBA AllStar Game eight times, and was named to the AllNBA Team five reached the NBA Playoffs four times, and the Rockets won a firstround series in the 2009 , Yao missed 250 regularseason games due to foot and ankle injuries in his final six ，出生在上海，青年時(shí)期開(kāi)始在上海鯊魚(yú)隊(duì)打籃球，在他的中國(guó)籃球職業(yè)聯(lián)賽職業(yè)生涯的第五年時(shí)贏得了冠軍。s 。There are many Italians and landmarks: Statue of United Nations Headquarters is arranged in the city, it was known as“ capital of the world”.哥倫比亞大學(xué)位于美國(guó)紐約市曼哈頓，于1754年建立，三位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)是該校的畢業(yè)生。城市標(biāo)志：自由女神像。黑人有100萬(wàn)以上，著名的唐人街現(xiàn)有23萬(wàn)華人。urban area of 8683 square kilometers。New York from Manhattan, Bronx, Brooklyn, queens and Richmond 5 ，水域面積428平方公里；市區(qū)面積8,683平方公里；紐約大都會(huì)面積17,405平方公里。The United States of America 39。New Y