【正文】 無(wú)線電遙控那樣穿過(guò)障礙物去控制被控制對(duì)象的能力 ,所以 ,在設(shè)計(jì)家用電器的紅外線遙控器時(shí) ,不必要像無(wú)線電遙控那樣 ,每一套(發(fā)射器和接收器)要有不同的遙控頻率或編碼(否則 ,就會(huì)隔墻控制或干擾鄰居的家用電器),所有同類產(chǎn)品的紅外線遙控器 ,可以有相同的遙控頻率或編碼 ,而不會(huì)出現(xiàn)遙控信號(hào)“串門”的情況。另外波長(zhǎng)小于 的近紅外光 ,在透明大氣中的傳輸特性要比可見(jiàn)光好得多 ,而且由于它靠近可見(jiàn)光的紅光邊緣 ,其直線傳播、反射、折射和被物質(zhì)吸收等物理特性與可見(jiàn)光非常相似。由于紅外線為不可見(jiàn)光 ,因此對(duì)環(huán)境影響很小。因此如果可見(jiàn)光能表現(xiàn)為7種顏色，則紅外線便可能表現(xiàn)70種顏色，顯示了豐富的色彩。由于可見(jiàn)光的最長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)是最短波長(zhǎng)的1倍（780nm380nm），所以也叫作一個(gè)倍頻程。紅外線攝像、紅外線夜市、熱釋電紅外探測(cè)以及某些導(dǎo)彈的瞄準(zhǔn)等就是利用紅外線的這一特性工作的。只不過(guò)是溫度較高的物體輻射的紅外線較強(qiáng)，溫度低的物體輻射的紅外線較弱。在遠(yuǎn)紅外區(qū)，由于它鄰近微波區(qū)，因此它具有微波的某些特性，如較強(qiáng)的穿透能力和能貫穿某些不透明物質(zhì)等。紅外線是介于可見(jiàn)光和微波之間的一種電磁波，因此它具有相臨波的某些特性。從上述分析可知，紅外線是一種十分豐富的波譜資源，目前它己在生產(chǎn)、生活、軍事、醫(yī)療等多方面得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，例如紅外線加熱、紅外線醫(yī)療期間、紅外線通信、紅外線攝像、紅外線遙控等。從形式上看，它們之間似乎沒(méi)有關(guān)系，但如果按照他們的波長(zhǎng)依次排列，而和可見(jiàn)光相鄰的紅外線（包括遠(yuǎn)紅外線、中紅外線和近紅外線外）。紅外通信的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)2．1紅外線的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)紅外線實(shí)質(zhì)上是電磁波。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展和成熟，傳輸方式正朝著點(diǎn)對(duì)多點(diǎn)的方向發(fā)展。另外，在中國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)也形成了一批能生產(chǎn)紅外收發(fā)產(chǎn)品的廠家和公司，但在大陸地區(qū)只有這些國(guó)際公司和臺(tái)灣公司的代理商公司在做一些器件的銷售，具有我們自己自主產(chǎn)權(quán)的該類產(chǎn)品極度缺乏。由以下幾部分組成：Sharp等公司主要提供紅外發(fā)光二極管和光敏二極管；Agilent等公司主要設(shè)計(jì)制作紅外收發(fā)芯片；Infineon等公司主要從事紅外收發(fā)器封裝；IBM、Microsoft等公司則推出紅外數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)器驅(qū)動(dòng)程序和紅外通信軟件。盡管現(xiàn)在市面上出現(xiàn)了同是近距離無(wú)線通訊的藍(lán)牙技術(shù)，但紅外通訊技術(shù)以其成本低廉和兼容性廣的優(yōu)勢(shì)，紅外數(shù)據(jù)通訊仍然會(huì)在將來(lái)的很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，在短距離的無(wú)線數(shù)據(jù)通訊領(lǐng)域里扮演重要角色。自1993年IRDA設(shè)定至今，紅外數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已發(fā)展到了150多個(gè)，IRDA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)獲得了業(yè)界的廣泛支持。紅外通信技術(shù)發(fā)展早期的時(shí)候，存在著好幾個(gè)紅外通信的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的紅外設(shè)備之間是不能進(jìn)行紅外通信的。1．3 紅外遙控收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品概況現(xiàn)在，紅外收發(fā)器按照工作模式和傳輸速率的不同可分為四大類：串行模式，；中速模式：；高速模式：最高速率為16Mbps。解調(diào)電路將已調(diào)制的編碼信號(hào)進(jìn)行解調(diào) ,即還原為編碼信號(hào)。接收器一般由接收電路、放大電路、解調(diào)電路、指令譯碼電路、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、執(zhí)行電路等組成。發(fā)射器一般由指令按鍵、指令編碼電路、調(diào)制電路、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、發(fā)射電路等組成。因此，人們利用紅外編碼/解碼芯片及單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)出多種通用的紅外遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)，在各種設(shè)備之間進(jìn)行便捷快速的紅外信號(hào)的收發(fā)。接收器可以對(duì)遙控信號(hào)進(jìn)行放大、檢波、整形從而解調(diào)出編碼脈沖。普通的紅外遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)是由：紅外遙控信號(hào)編碼發(fā)送器、紅外遙控信號(hào)接收器和解碼器（解碼芯片或單片機(jī)）、外圍電路等三部分構(gòu)成。多通道遙控可以對(duì)被控對(duì)象進(jìn)行任意的多功能遙控。單通道遙控雖然在接收電路中加入多穩(wěn)態(tài)記憶電路 ,可以根據(jù)按動(dòng)發(fā)射器指令鍵的次數(shù) ,使接收電路中的多穩(wěn)態(tài)記憶電路的狀態(tài)發(fā)生相應(yīng)改變 ,實(shí)現(xiàn)多項(xiàng)功能控制 ,但是這種狀態(tài)的改變是按順序進(jìn)行的。具有兩個(gè)以上指令信號(hào)傳輸通道的稱為多通道遙控系統(tǒng)。1．2 紅外遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)介紅外遙控系統(tǒng)主要分為單通道遙控和多通道遙控。伴隨著紅外數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)的愈發(fā)成熟、生產(chǎn)和使用成本下降，紅外收發(fā)器在短距離通訊領(lǐng)域內(nèi)將會(huì)得到更加廣泛的應(yīng)用。幾乎所有筆記本電腦、手機(jī)都配置紅外收發(fā)器接口。目前，紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品在便攜式產(chǎn)品中的應(yīng)用潛力很大。紅外收發(fā)器產(chǎn)品具有成本低，體積小，傳輸速率快，點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)傳輸安全性好，不受電磁干擾等特點(diǎn)，可使得信息在幾個(gè)不同產(chǎn)品器件之間快速、便捷、安全地交換與傳輸。緒論1．1 課題研究的背景及意義目前，在世界范圍內(nèi)，紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)是被廣泛使用的一種無(wú)線連接技術(shù)，被許多的硬件和軟件平臺(tái)所支持。它們的主要工作原理是：通過(guò)編碼鍵盤可以為PT2262提供輸入信息，PT2262對(duì)輸入的信息進(jìn)行編碼并加載到38KHZ的載波上并調(diào)制紅外發(fā)射二極管，再將其輻射到空間，然后再由接收系統(tǒng)接收信號(hào)并解調(diào)出原始的信息內(nèi)容，由PT2272對(duì)原信號(hào)進(jìn)行解碼，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)相應(yīng)的電路完成用戶的操作指令和操作要求。伴隨著紅外數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)的愈發(fā)成熟、生產(chǎn)和使用成本下降，紅外收發(fā)器在短距離通訊領(lǐng)域內(nèi)將會(huì)得到更加廣泛的應(yīng)用。全世界約有1億5千萬(wàn)臺(tái)設(shè)備和儀器是采用紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)的，在電子產(chǎn)品、工業(yè)設(shè)備、醫(yī)療設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域內(nèi)使用范圍很廣。紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)在短距離無(wú)線傳輸領(lǐng)域內(nèi)有著十分顯著的優(yōu)勢(shì)，紅外遙控收發(fā)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和存在具有非常高的運(yùn)用價(jià)值。a narrow pulse width and pulse expressed an “F” is the code addresses “vacant.” Realize fired at each fired at least four groups code, PT2272 only twice in a row to detect the same address code plus data code data will be the code “1” is driven The data should be output to drive margin and VT terminal for synchronous 摘 要目前紅外數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)是在世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛應(yīng)用的一種無(wú)線連接技術(shù)，它也可以被許多軟硬件平臺(tái)所支持。s : Pulse said the two “0”。2 pulse width “1”。Highspeed mode : The maximum rate of 16 according to the size chip power consumption can be divided into lowpower consumption and standard two categories, lowpower type normally used 3 V power supply, transmission distance closer to about so long little area, and adjacent to the visible light and infrared(including the far infrared, midinfrared and near infrared foreign)accounts for the spectrum of μm10mW).Chinese power(20mW100mW more)three different power infrared LED, the allocation should be driven by the corresponding power 22 by the reflected infrared lightemitting diodes to make produce optical modulation, Drivers only need to add the control of a certain frequency pulse transmitter and receiver in the way the two kinds of straight, and the second is pointed straight pipe and tube receiver placed in a relatively controlled and fired on the two ends, a certain distance away from the middle。with more than two instructions signal transmission channel known as a multichannel remote control simple singlechannel remote control, in general, only a launcher directive Key receivers and only one circuit in the receiving circuit to add more stable memory circuits that can be activated mands to launch a number of key, so that the receiver circuit multi stable memory circuit repeatedly to change the state, to realize many of the functional control, But such a state of change is the we are to achieve an arbitrary control, resort to the use of multichannel remote control remote control can be realized by the object of arbitrary multifunction remote for the choice of several routes and what control methods, according to the actual situation(such as object, operational requirements and cost accounting, etc.)to infrared remote transceiver system by infrared remote control transmitter signal coding, infrared remote control signal receivers and decoders(or decoder chip MCU)and the external circuit consisting of three transmitter remote control code used to generate pulses of infrared emissiondriven output infrared remote control signal, receiver pletion of the remote control signal amplification and detection, plastic and demodulation encoding remote control coded pulse is going to obtain a continuous serial binary code, and for most of the infrared transceiver system, This serial code as microcontroller of the remote control input signals from the internal CPU pletion of the remote control instruction decoder, on the other infrared remote control transceivers, the designers of electronic products, The internal microcontroller of the remote control decoder directive is not , people are using infrared encoder / decoder chip and microcontroller developed various generic infrared remote transceiver system, In various equipment infrared signals between the transceiver system generally transmitters and receivers is posed of two from the general direction keys, coded instructions circuit modulation circuit, driving circuit, firing circuit of several pressed a key, the directive coding circuit, in the corresponding instructions encoded signal, the encoder signal to the carrier modulation, Driven by the power amplifier circuit after circuit fired from the field after firing instructions coded modulation receiver by the receiving circuit, the amplifier circuit, demodulation circuits, instruction decode