【正文】 句 because of 跟名詞或一個 短語。wish sb to do sth。hope that 從句。have no idea 不知道 have some/any idea 知道。any 用在否定句、疑問句、條件句中。(2)rubbish=trash 垃圾，普通用語，指各種垃圾，英國人常用 rubbish, 美國人常用 trash.(3)junk 破爛物，指廢鐵、破布等，現(xiàn)在用來指使人發(fā)胖的食物。too much 太多 much too 實(shí)在太garbage、rubbish、junk 和 waste:(1)garbage 廢料、垃圾。test: 意思是測驗(yàn)、考查、小考，指非正式的階段性的測試。例: She dropped the dropped it into the want to drop math.(2)vi.(不及物動詞)意思是掉下、落下。drop:(1)vt.(及物動詞)意思是(有意或無意)讓掉下來、投下。author 與 writer: author 單純制作者或作品。I’ m sure that she can’ t stay at 。(4)must、could、might 和 can’ t 的后面可用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示對現(xiàn)在的動作、狀態(tài)或正在進(jìn)行的動作的推測。(3)can’ t 的意思之“不可能”，它相應(yīng)的肯定形式是 must。(2)could、might、may 的意思是“可能、也許”，表示推測，它們所表達(dá)的肯 定程度較低，這三個詞相比 may 的可能性稍大一些。在這種用法中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用:“should + 動 詞原形” 或只用“動詞原形”。(事實(shí): 原來不知道)c、表示將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 謂語動詞: should/would + 動詞原形 eg: I wish I should have a chance 。四、虛擬語氣的其他用法虛擬語氣用在 wish 后的賓語從句 a、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式 eg: I wish I had your 。should/would do might 主句 /could eg: If he would e here tomorrow, I should/would talk to ，我就跟他談?wù)劇?事實(shí): 沒有聽我的話)③表示對將來情況的主觀推測(可能相反或可能性很小)從句 例句 主句 ① were If+主語 ② did ③were to do(①通常與一個表示時間狀語連用)其 中 were to do可能性最小，should+動詞原形。(事實(shí): 學(xué)習(xí)不用功)②表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況 從句謂語動詞形式 主句謂語動詞形式 Had+過去分詞 Should/would/could/might+have+ 過 去 分詞 eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met ，我就會見到她。(事實(shí): 地球上既有空氣也有水)If I had any money with me, I could lend you ，我就會借給你些。(事實(shí):我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number, I would tell ，我就會告訴你。(在英語中，語氣除了 指語調(diào)以外，最主要的是通過動詞發(fā)生變化而表示不同語氣)英語中的語氣分為三類: 陳述語氣(用于陳述句、疑問句、感嘆句)祈使語氣(用于祈使句)虛擬語氣(用于條件狀語從句、賓語從句等)二、虛擬語氣 如果所說的不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、建議或是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)不了的空想，就用虛擬語氣。1If I were you, I’ ll get out of ，我會離開這里。1She always es top in the school 。You enjoy the pany of other 。Dogs can be a lot of 。What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百萬美元，你會干什么?If I were you, I ‘d take a small ，我會帶一個小禮物。類似于 think How would you e up with this idea? 你怎樣想出這個注意的? My brother is a person who often es up with good 2offer 提供 offer sb sth 給 ?? offer to sb sth 主動提出干??二、短語give it to charity 把它捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)medical research 醫(yī)學(xué)研究What if ?? 如果?怎么樣?get nervous 緊張take a big exam 參加大考help with 有助于in public 在公共場合hardly ever 幾乎不the whole school 全校without permission 為經(jīng)許可1be(make)friends with 與?交朋友1ask one’ s permission 請求的允許1introduce?to? 把?介紹給?1invite?to do? 邀請?干?1social situations 社會環(huán)境1not? in the slightest 根本不，一點(diǎn)也不1right away 立刻，馬上1all day 全天1be friendly to 對?友好 at lunch time 在午飯時間2a bit shy 有點(diǎn)害羞2English speech contest 英語演講比賽2represent the class 代表班級2e top 名列第一(前茅)2let ? down 使?失望2e up with 提出、想出2be sure of + n./、the rest of the students 其余的學(xué)生 be sure to do 相信?2have a lot of experience(in)doing sth be sure +that 從句 在做某事方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn) deal with 對付，處理3e out 出版3give advice on? 在?方面提出意見、建議3by accident 偶然地，無意之中3hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干?3an internet friend 網(wǎng)友三、句子He doesn’ t know if he should bring a 。2the rest 其余的，可指代可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.②would rather 常單獨(dú)使用，表示“寧愿做?” eg He would rather watch TV at home.③rather than = instead of 而不是 連接兩個并列成分，前后對稱。1would rather ? than ?(= would ? rather than)寧愿，而不愿。否定、疑問句中用 、not??in the slightest=not??at all 根本不1pany ①公司 ②一群人，一伙人 ③ 陪伴1get along(with)=get on(with)①進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展 eg The business is getting along very 。1give a speech 做演講 have a speech 聽演講 give a report 做報(bào)告 have a report 聽報(bào)告1permission(n.)允許，許可 permit(v.)允許1plenty of 充足的，相當(dāng)多的。food 表示食品種類，一種食物時，為可數(shù)名詞 eg fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷凍食品復(fù)數(shù)名詞可表示一類食品(如 dogs)a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可表示一類(如 a dog)confident(adj.)confidence(n.)1What does/do look like? 問相貌。What if ?? 如果??將會怎么樣?(引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句、疑問句)eg What if she doesn’ t e? 她要是不來怎么辦? What if your parent don’ t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么辦? What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么辦?before 引導(dǎo)一個句子，為連詞。speak to sb 同說話，做及物動詞，后跟語言。bring 帶來 take 帶走 fetch 去并拿來talk to/with sb 同說話。discover 指發(fā)現(xiàn)那些客觀存在而不為人所知的實(shí)情。hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of 中必須用復(fù)數(shù)。no longer(用在句中)=not?any longer(用在句尾): ① , 對的, 右邊的② , 權(quán)利③ seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot.= Yu Mei seems to have changed a + n./ + to do 常與 can, be able to : Can you afford a new car? The film couldn’ t afford to pay such large well as 連詞, 不但?而且? 強(qiáng)調(diào)前者.(若引導(dǎo)主語, 謂動與前者在人稱和數(shù)上一致 例: Living things need air and light as well as , as well as they am ready to help , = by oneself 孤獨(dú)的, the last/past + 一段時間 during the last/past + 一段時間 (v.)dead(adj.)death(n.)dying(垂死的)二、短語 more interested in 對? the swim team terrified of class the time 一直, 總是 with 與?閑聊 ever 幾乎從不 to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus well as 不僅?而且 into trouble 遇到麻煩 a decision 做出決定 one’ s surprise 使某人吃驚的是 pride in 為?感到驕傲 attention to 留心, 注意 of 由?組成/ made up of 由?組成/ of 代替, 而不是 the end 最后, 終于 the piano 彈鋼琴 used to be afraid of the go to sleep with my bedroom light used to spend a lot of time playing games with my hardly ever have time for life has changed a lot in the last few will make you stressed seems that Yu Mei has changed a 3 : be 的各種時態(tài)形式+ved 含情態(tài)動詞的: can/may/must/should be + ved + n./pron.+ ved 叫/讓/請別人做某事(即使謀事被做)例: I want to get my coat want to have my hair sb to do sth 允許某人做? allow doing sth 允許做? : ① 駕車, 駕駛.② 驅(qū)趕, : What drives them to rob the shop? 什么驅(qū)使他們?nèi)屔痰? silly foolish 三個詞都有“蠢” 程度最強(qiáng), 指智力 理解力 指頭腦簡單, 傻頭傻腦, 使人覺得可笑, : He is stupid in learning asking such silly are foolish to throw away such a good , doesn’ t seem to have many friends.=It seems that he doesn’ t have many friends.=He seems not to have many : So + be 動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語(前為肯定局)+ be 動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語(前為否定): He likes do doesn’ t like do went to the cinema did didn’ t go to the cinema did can can can’ t can +主語+ be 動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 : Henry is very he is.(的確是)He surfed Internet for two he did.(的確是)They will win the they will.(他們會的) 用于肯定句中, (v.)打掃, 清理 clean up 比較徹底地打掃, 清理 clean out 打掃, a test = fail in a test 考試不及格 strict with+ strict in+: The head teacher is strict with hi