【正文】 t soluble salts,clay, and silt the soil continues to dry, these salts, clays, andsilts e out of solution, and “tackweld” the larger grains leads to a soil structure that has high apparent strength at its low, naturalwater , collapse of the “cemented” structure may occurupon wetting because the bonding material weakens and softens, and the soilis unstable at any stress level that exceeds that at which the soil had beenpreviously , if the amount of water made available to the soilis increased above that which naturally exists, collapse can occur at fairlylow levels of stress, equivalent only to overburden soil loads, such as traffic loading or the presence of a bridge structure, add tothe collapse, especially of shallow collapsible triggering mechanismfor collapse, however, is the addition of Problems Resulting from Collapsible SoilsNonuniform collapse can result from either a nonhomogeneous subgradedeposit in which differing degrees of collapse potential exist and/or fromnonuniform wetting of subgrade differential collapse ofsubgrade soils occurs, the result is a rough, wavy surface, and potentiallymany miles of extensively damaged have been several reported cases for which differential collapse has been cited as the cause ofroadway or highway bridge few of these in the Arizona and NewMexico region include sections of 110 near Benson, Arizona, and sectionsof 125 in the vicinity of Algadonas, New Mexico(Lovelace et 。or(3)a puting of the serviceability loss and a modification of the design to “accept” the anticipated order to make the most economical decision, the amount of volume change(especially nonuniform volume change)must be accurately estimated, and the degree of road roughness evaluated from these , alternative design techniques are available for any roadway emphasis here will be placed on presenting economical and simplemethods for:(1)Determining whether the subgrade materials are collapsible。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 王剛；[J].吉林勘探設(shè)計(jì),2009,(Z1)[2] 劉家琦；徐浩；[J].中國住宅設(shè)施,2011,(3)[3] [J].建材與裝飾（中旬刊）,2007,(7)[4]——建筑師的責(zé)任[J].吉林勘探設(shè)計(jì)，2011，（Z1）[5]王艷艷；李長亨；——收益分析[J].生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)，2011（12）[6]張九紅；——芬蘭節(jié)能建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)[J].沈陽建筑大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版），2012（01）[7]臺(tái)達(dá)集團(tuán)上海運(yùn)營中心暨研發(fā)大樓揭幕啟用——節(jié)能建筑具體實(shí)踐“環(huán)保節(jié)能愛地球”經(jīng)營理念[J].變頻世界2011(12)[8]為什么節(jié)能建筑既舒適又省錢[J].陜西建筑，2010（10）[9]張英；[J].生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)，2011（03）[10]唐世舉；[J].山西建筑,2011,(3)[11]陳敏；[J].科技資訊,2011,(11)[12][J].中國房地產(chǎn)業(yè),2011,(3)[13][J].中小企業(yè)管理與科技（上旬刊）,2010,(9)[14][J].科技風(fēng)，2010（08）[15][J].山西建筑，2009（4）[16][J].廣東科技，2008（18）[17]吳必龍；，思考我國節(jié)能建筑設(shè)計(jì)[J].工業(yè)建筑，2006（09）[18][J].廣東建材，2005（08）[19]甄蘭平；[J].建筑學(xué)報(bào)，2003（03）[20][J].中華建設(shè)，2005（06）第四篇：土木工程類專業(yè)英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯PAVEMENT PROBLEMS CAUSEDBY COLLAPSIBLE SUBGRADESBy Sandra ,1 Associate Member, ASCE(Reviewed by the Highway Division)ABSTRACT: Problem subgrade materials consisting of collapsible soils are mon in arid environments, which have climatic conditions and depositional and weathering processes favorable to their herein is a discussion of predictive techniques that use monly available laboratory equipment and testing methods for obtaining reliable estimates of the volume change for these problem method for predicting relevant stresses and corresponding collapse strains for typical pavement subgrades is simple methods of evaluating potential volume change, based on results of familiar laboratory tests, are When a soil is given free access to water, it may decrease in volume,increase in volume, or do soil that increases in volume is called a swelling or expansive soil, and a soil that decreases in volume is called a collapsible amount of volume change that occurs depends on the soil type and structure, the initial soil density, the imposed stress state, and the degree and extent of materials prised of soils that change volume upon wetting have caused distress to highways since the beginning of the professional practice and have cost many millions of dollars in roadway prediction of the volume changes that may occur in the field is the first step in making an economic decision for dealing with these problem subgrade project will have different design considerations, economic constraints, and risk factors that will have to be taken into , with a reliable method for making volume change predictions, the best design relative to the subgrade soils bees a matter of economic parison, and a much more rational design approach may be example, typical techniques for dealing with expansive clays include:(1)In situ treatments with s