【正文】 and functions of the system, only 6 buttons are needed. The system39。 this digital form is most useful when the microputer is to be connected to equipment which can only be switched on or off, where each bit might represent the state of a switch or actuator. To solve realworld problems, a microcontroller must have more than just a CPU, a program, and a data memory. In addition, it must contain hardware allowing the CPU to access information from the outside world. Once the CPU gathers information and processes the data, it must also be able to effect change on some portion of the outside world. These hardware devices, called peripherals, are the CPU’ s window to the outside. The most basic form of peripheral available on microcontrollers is the general 安徽理工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯 8 purpose I70 port. Each of the I/O pins can be used as either an input or an output. The function of each pin is determined by setting or clearing corresponding bits in a corresponding data direction register during the initialization stage of a program. Each output pin may be driven to either a logic one or a logic zero by using CPU instructions to pin may be viewed (or read.) by the CPU using program instructions. Some type of serial unit is included on microcontrollers to allow the CPU to municate bitserially with external devices. Using a bit serial format instead of bitparallel format requires fewer I/O pins to perform the munication function, which makes it less expensive, but slower. Serial transmissions are performed either synchronously or asynchronously. 3 SYSTEM GENERAL DESIGN The hardware block diagram of the TC is shown in Fig. 1. The system hardware includes the micro controller, temperature detection circuit, keyboard control circuit, clock circuit, Display, alarm, drive circuit and external RAM. Based on the AT89C51, the DS18B20 will transfer the temperature signal detected to digital signal. And the signal is sent to the micro controller for processing. At last the temperature value is showed on the LCD 12232F. These steps are used to achieve the temperature detection. Using the keyboard interface chip HD7279 to set the temperature value, using the micro controller to keep a certain temperature, and using the LCD to show the preset value for controlling the temperature. In addition, the clock chip DS1302 is used to show time and the external RAM 6264 is used to save the monitoring data. An alarm will be given by buzzer in time if the temperature exceeds the upper and lower limit value of the temperature. HARDWARE DESIGN A. Micro controller The AT89C51 is a lowpower, highperformance CMOS 8bit micro controller with 4K bytes of insystem programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using At mel’s highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is patible with the industrystandard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The onchip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed insystem or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By bining a versatile 8bit CPU with insystem programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the At mel AT89C51 is a powerful micro controller which provides a highlyflexible and costeffective solution to many 安徽理工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯 9 embedded control applications. Minimum system of the micro controller is shown in Fig. 2. In order to save monitoring data, the 6264 is used as an external RAM. It is a static RAM chip, lowpower with 8K bytes memory. B. Temperature Detection Circuit The temperature sensor is the key part in the system. The Dallas DS18B20 is used, which supports the 1Wire bus interface, and the ONBOARD Patented is used internally. All the sensor parts and the converting circuit are integrated in integrated circuit like a transistor [1]. Its measure range is 55℃ ~125 ℃ , and the precision between 10℃ ~85℃ is 177。s life to improve the quality of the work and life. It is also versatile, so that it can be convenient to extend the use of the system. So the design is of profound importance. The general design, hardware design and software design of the system are covered. 安徽理工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯 2 Introduction The 8bit AT89C51 CHMOS microcontrollers are designed to handle highspeed calculations and fast input/output operations. MCS 51 microcontrollers are typically used for highspeed event control systems. Commercial applications include modems, motorcontrol systems, printers, photocopiers, air conditioner control systems, disk drives, and medical instruments. The automotive industry use MCS 51 microcontrollers in enginecontrol systems, airbags, suspension systems, and antilock braking systems (ABS). The AT89C51 is especially well suited to applications that benefit from its processing speed and enhanced onchip peripheral functions set, such as automotive powertrain control, vehicle dynamic suspension, antilock braking, and stability control applications. Because of these critical applications, the market requires a reliable costeffective controller with a low interrupt latency response, ability to service the high number of time and event driven integrated peripherals needed in real time applications, and a CPU with above average processing power in a single package. The financial and legal risk of having devices that operate unpredictably is very high. Once in the market, particularly in mission critical applications such as an autopilot or antilock braking system, mistakes are financially prohibitive. Redesign costs can run as high as a $500K, much more if the fix means 2 back annotating it across a product family that share the same