【正文】 based products have been used in pig starter diets for many years. 干乳制品在仔豬斷奶料中已經(jīng)使用許多年. These products enhance feed intake, growth rate, and health of newly weaned pigs. 這些產(chǎn)品能夠提高斷奶仔豬的飼料采食量, 生長(zhǎng)率和健康. Milk contains many important components with superior nutritional value for pigs. 奶制品含有許多對(duì)仔豬具有高營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值的重要成分. These include carbohydrates (lactose), proteins (amino acids, specific proteins), lipids, Ca, P, and other minerals and vitamins. 這些包括碳水化合物(乳糖), 蛋白質(zhì)(氨基酸,特殊蛋白), 乳脂,鈣,磷,和其他礦物質(zhì)和維生素,Dried Products from Liquid Milk 來(lái)源于液體乳的干奶制品,Dried Milk Powder 干奶粉,5075 years ago, pigs were routinely weaned at 68 weeks of age. 50 到75年前,豬的常規(guī)斷奶年齡為6到8周. In the 1960’s swine producers began to adopt more intensive production practices – led to earlier weaning of pigs – at 34 weeks. 60年代開(kāi)始,養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)者采用了更為集約化的生產(chǎn)方式, 導(dǎo)致仔豬的早期斷奶( 3到4周齡斷奶). Inclusion of dried milk powder or dried skim milk in post weaning diets became a common practice. 在日糧中添加奶粉或脫脂奶粉變的非常普遍. This was necessary to keep pigs alive, healthy, and growing. 乳制品是維持仔豬生命,健康和生長(zhǎng)所必須.,Dried Milk Powder 奶粉,Today, with improved environments and specialized ingredients (dried whey, lactose, dried blood plasma, dried blood cells, fish meal), dried milk is seldom used.當(dāng)今,應(yīng)用飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境的改善和特殊飼料原料(乳清粉,乳糖,血漿蛋白粉,血細(xì)胞粉,魚粉)的廣泛使用,奶粉已經(jīng)很少使用. Readily digestible carbohydrates (such as lactose) are essential to provide energy.易消化碳水化合物(乳糖)是提供仔豬能量所必須的. Source of lactose is whey.乳糖的來(lái)源主要是乳清產(chǎn)品.,Dried Products from Cheese Production 來(lái)源于乳酪生產(chǎn)的干奶制品,Milk 鮮奶,Cheese 乳酪,Liquid Whey 液體乳清,Whey Processing 乳清的加工過(guò)程,Liquid Whey 液體乳清,Liquid whey was once considered a waste product. 液體乳清曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是廢棄物品. It was disposed by通過(guò)以下方式處理: dumping it into waterways 倒入河流或水域 Spreading it on crop land 噴灑在農(nóng)田中 Transporting it to landfills 運(yùn)輸和傾倒在垃圾堆場(chǎng) In some parts of the world, liquid whey is fed directly to pigs. 有些國(guó)家把液體乳清直接用來(lái)喂豬. This is generally limited to areas close to cheese factories. 這種飼喂方式主要是在靠近乳酪生產(chǎn)廠的地區(qū). Today, most of the whey is dried. 今天,多數(shù)液體乳清被干燥使用.,Milk 鮮奶,Cheese 乳酪,Liquid W hey 液體乳清,Drying 干燥,Whey Processing,Dried Whey 干乳清粉,Dried Whey 乳清粉,If whey is carefully dried, it makes an excellent ingredient for animal feeds. 仔細(xì)干燥的優(yōu)質(zhì)乳清粉是極好的動(dòng)物飼料原料. Dried whey is the largest milkbased feed ingredient used in the feed and pet food industries in the USA. 乳清粉是美國(guó)飼料和寵物飼料中使用的最大乳制品原料. About onehalf of the dried whey produced in the USA is used in animal feeds (milk replacers and pig starters). 在美國(guó)所生產(chǎn)的乳清粉大約50%用于動(dòng)物飼料. Almost all pig starter diets contain dried whey and/or one of its major components, lactose. 幾乎所有的乳仔豬料中都含有乳清粉或它的主要成分乳糖.,Dried Whey 乳清粉,Typically contains about 68% lactose and 12% protein 乳清粉通常含有68%的乳糖和12%的蛋白. Major proteins: blactoglobulin, alactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulin. 主要的蛋白組成是?乳球蛋白,?乳白蛋白,牛血清白蛋白,和免疫球蛋白. Source of amino acids 氨基酸來(lái)源 Serve as a defense against microbial infections 作為抵御微生物侵入的防御系統(tǒng) Source of growth factors and modulators 生長(zhǎng)和調(diào)節(jié)代謝因子的來(lái)源 Other proteins with important biological properties其他具有重要生物學(xué)特性的蛋白質(zhì): Lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme casein glycomacropeptide, phosphopeptides, and fat globule membrane proteins 乳鐵蛋白,乳過(guò)氧化物酶,溶菌酶,酪蛋白糖聚肽,磷化肽,脂肪球膜蛋白.,Classification of Dried Whey 乳清粉的分類,Edible grade whey 食品級(jí)– low bacterial count 微生物計(jì)數(shù)少 Feed grade whey 飼料級(jí) – does not make edible grade沒(méi)有達(dá)到食品要求的 Sweet whey 甜乳清粉– from cheddar cheese 源于切達(dá)乳酪的乳清液 Acid whey 酸乳清粉– from cottage cheese production 源于酪農(nóng)干酪的乳清液 Regular whey 一般乳清粉 Delactosed whey 脫乳糖乳清粉 Spray dried whey 噴霧干乳清粉 Roller dried whey 滾筒干乳清粉,Drying Systems 干燥方法,Spray dried whey 噴霧干燥 Whey is atomized into superheated air.液體乳清霧化在超高溫的空氣中 High initial temperature, low final temperature. 高初始溫度,低結(jié)束溫度 Predominance of alactose. 以?乳糖為主 Results in a finer product that tends to be more hygroscopic.噴霧干乳清粉易吸水 Roller dried whey 滾筒干燥 Whey is picked up by heated rollers or drums.液體乳清噴霧在加熱的滾筒上 Scraped from rollers by the knife arm.干燥后的產(chǎn)品通過(guò)鋒利的刀臂刮下 Low initial temperature, high final temperature. 低初始溫度,高結(jié)束溫度 Predominance of blactose (sweeter). 以b型乳糖為主. Results in a granular product that is less hygroscopic.產(chǎn)品為顆粒狀,不易吸水,Indices of Overall Quality of Dried Whey 乳清粉質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),Color 色澤 Spraydried whey frequently bleached white (food applications). 噴霧干乳清粉通常在漂白后干燥(食品使用) Rollerdried whey has no bleaching agents – more cream colored.滾筒干乳清粉不添加漂白粉, 顏色為乳黃色. Dark or yellowish spraydried whey may indicate overheating or long storage periods.深色