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北師大版英語高一上冊module1unit3celebration(lesson1)同步測試-文庫吧資料

2024-12-08 23:07本頁面
  

【正文】 washes well.這布很耐洗。主動語態(tài)有被動含義,這類動詞常見的有 sell, write, wear, wash, cook, open, close, lock,read, record等。如: The car left the road and hit a tree.車子離開了道路,撞上了樹。(不說: The station was arrived at.) He looked into the question. The question was looked into.他調(diào)查了這個問題。試比較: They arrived at a decision. A decision was arrived at.他們作出了決定。 2)不是所有帶介詞的動詞都能用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。 How much / What does it cost?這值多少錢? Our holiday lasts 10 days.我們的假期有十天。 My brain can39。 My shoes don39。如: History is made by the people. The people make history. 4.不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況 1)某些表示 ―靜態(tài) ‖的及物動詞(表示狀態(tài)而不是動作,而且常常是不可用于進行時態(tài)的動詞)如 have, fit, suit, hold(容納), cost, suffer, last(持續(xù))等不能用于被動語態(tài)。注意在主動語態(tài)中有的動詞要求不帶 to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,此時要把被動語態(tài)中的 to去掉。可以這樣轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有 know, say,believe, find, think, report等。如: We call him Xiao Wang. →He is called Xiao Wang . He cut his hair short. →His hair was cut short . They told him to help me. →He was told to help me . 5)短語動詞是不可分割的整體,改為被動語態(tài)時要保持其完整性,介詞或副詞不可遺漏。如: He gave the boy an apple. →The boy was given an apple .(或 An apple was given to the boy.) Her father bought her a present. →She was bought a present b y her father.(或 A present was bought for her by her father.) 3)不帶 to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的主動語態(tài),改為被動語態(tài)時不定式前要加 to。) 2.主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的方法 1)將主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意以下三個方面: ① 將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語; ② 將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為 ―be+過去分詞 ‖結(jié)構(gòu); ③ 將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語,放在謂語動 詞之后(有時可省略)。如: My bike is broken.(我的自行車壞了。如: Many people speak English.(主動語態(tài)) English is spoken by many people.(被動語態(tài)) 1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 由于不及物動詞不能帶賓語,故無被動語態(tài),只有及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的動詞短語才有被動語態(tài),其基本構(gòu)成方式是 ―助動詞 be+過去分詞 ‖。 Unit3 Celebration Lesson1 Chinese seasonal festival 同步 輔導(dǎo)與 測試 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 注意: ―be+過去分詞 ‖結(jié)構(gòu)不一定都是被動語態(tài),有些動詞(如 be, feel, look, seem等)后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,用作表語表示狀態(tài)。) The door is open.(門開了。 2)含直接賓語和間接賓語的主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時有兩種情況: ① 把間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語,直接賓語仍保留原位; ② 把直接賓語改為主動語態(tài)的主語,此時,間接賓語前要加介詞 to或 for。如: They watched the children sing that morning. →The children were watched to sing that morning. 4)帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時,一般把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為主語,賓語補足語在被動語態(tài)中作主語補足語。如: We must take good care of the young trees. →The young trees must be taken good care of. 6)含有賓語從句的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,通常用 it 作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語,從句放在句子后面;也可采用另一種形式。如: People believe that he is ill. →It is believed that he is ill .(或: He is believed to be ill.) 3.被動語態(tài)改為主動語態(tài)的方法: 被動語態(tài)中介詞 by后的賓 語改為主動語態(tài)中的主語(或按題意要求確定主語),按照這個主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原來的時態(tài)把謂語動詞形式由被動語態(tài)改為主動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的主語用來作主動語態(tài)的賓語。如: They have a nice car.他們有一輛漂亮的汽車。t fit me.我的鞋不合適。t hold so much information at one time.我的腦子一下子記不住這么多資料。 This food will last( them)( for) 3 days.這食物足夠(他們)(吃)三天。若是構(gòu)成成語動詞通常有被動態(tài),若不構(gòu)成成語動詞則無被動態(tài)。 They arrived at the station.他們到達車站。 3)動詞 leave(離開), enter(進入), join(參加)不可用于被動語態(tài)。 4)某些及物動詞可作不及物動詞用,特別是后加副詞(如 well, easily等)時。如: His new novel is selling well.他的新小說很暢銷。 This material won39。 His play won39。 The window won39。 The door won39。 The door won39。 This poem reads well.這首詩讀來 很好。如: Tell me if you feel cold.你要是感到冷就告訴我。re looking very unhappy—what39。 Those roses smell beautiful.那些玫瑰好聞極了。 6)賓語是不定式或動詞的 ing形式時,不可用于被動語態(tài)。 Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter.史密斯先生喜歡看他的女兒。如: She can dress herself.她可以自己穿衣服。 8)賓語是同源賓語時,不可用于被動語態(tài)。 The girl dreamed a sweet dream .那女孩做了個甜美的夢。如: The old man broke his(= the old man39。 The girl shook her(= the girl39。 5.某些動詞的主動形式表被動含義 英語中有很多動詞如 act, break, catch, cut, clean, drive, draw, let, lock, open,sell, read, write, wash, wear等,當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,其主動形式常用來表達被動含義。如: This kind of radio doesn39。 The shop opens at eight o39。 The pipe does not draw well.這煙斗不太通暢。 Kate39。 注意:主動表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征,而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。t lock.門鎖
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