【正文】 3 refer to? A. Telomeres. B. Children. C. Chromosomes. D. DNA sequences. 14. What can be inferred from the text? A. Violence can cause quick cell death in children’s body. B. Telomeres can help prevent chromosomes from separating. C. Children who have shorter telomeres have heart attacks later. D. Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Violence and Telomeres B. The Function of Telomeres C. Violence Makes Children Aging D. DNA Influences Children’s Growth 【答案】 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【解析】 本文主要講述暴力不僅對孩子的身體有長久的影響，還會引起 DNA 變化，導(dǎo)致過早老化 。 D Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves longterm scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging. Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes (染色體 ), called telomeres (端粒 ), says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry. Telomeres are special DNA sequences (序列 ) which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies. Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person. In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children’s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner。本文細(xì)節(jié)題居多，答題時在文章找到對應(yīng)的地方，用筆進(jìn)行標(biāo)記，這有利于后期有時間檢查時可以立刻找到答案的位置。故選Ｄ。 11. Ｄ 推理判斷題。 10. Ｃ 細(xì)節(jié)題。 9. Ｂ 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段 1， 2行 The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20% 40% that are caused by 的事故。 C A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months. The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%—40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all piloterror accidents that are related to fatigue. Driver Alert is based on a puterized wristband (腕帶 ). The device, worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel (方向盤 ). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response. Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would use about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy. In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds bee more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible. The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year. 8. Driver Alert is a device that can . A. keep drivers asleep B. change drivers’ response accuracy C. reduce the possibility of accidents D. protect drivers when accidents happen 9. What does the underlined word “fatigue” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Illness. B. Tiredness. C. Carelessness. D. Impoliteness. 10. How does Driver Alert work? A. By being used as a nonstop alarm all the time. B. By squeezing the steering wheel on the way, C. By reminding or warning drivers if necessary. D. By being worn on drivers’ hands every moment. 11. What do we know about Driver Alert? A. It must be fixed on the driver’s cars. B. It aims to prevent drivers from sleeping. C. It has gone through testing at laboratories. D. It isn’t available to drivers at the moment 【答案】 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 【解析】 本文介紹了一個旨在于減少由于司機(jī)疲勞駕駛而導(dǎo)致事故的裝置 Driver Alert，詳細(xì)說明了它的工作原理和具體作用。根據(jù)第二段中 “I was tired of bending down, putting my hands in dirty water, wringing (擰 ) out a mop,” Mangano says. “So, There’s gotta be a better way.”可知她的發(fā)明來自于自己的經(jīng)歷。故選 Ｂ。 6. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句 So QVC, a multinational corporation specializing in televised home shopping, took chance on Mangano成功地賣拖把是在 QVC 的幫助下。故選 Ｄ。 4. D 推理判斷題。 B Joy Mangano was 33 and divorced. She had three kids under age 7, and was hardly keeping up payments on her small twobedroom home by working extra hours as a waitress. “There were times when I would lie in bed and think. I don’t know how I’m going to pay that bill,” Mangano says. But she had a special ability for seeing the obvious thing. She knew how hard it was to mop the floor. “I was tired of bending down, putting my hands in dirty water, wringing (擰 ) out a mop,” Mangano says. “So, There’s gotta be a better way.” How about a “selfwringing” mop? She designed a special tool you could twist in two directions at once, and still keep your hands clean and dry. She set out to sell it, first a few at flea markets. Then Mangano met with the media. But would couch potatoes (電視迷 ) buy a mop? The experts on shopping TV were less than certain. They gave it a try, and it failed. Mangano was sure it would sell if they’d let her do the oncamera display. She said, “Get me on that stage, and I will sell this mop because it’s a great item.” So QVC, a multinational corporation specializing in te