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冷卻塔設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書2機(jī)械畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-文庫(kù)吧資料

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【正文】 iron can be found in base castings, motor housings, and fan hubs. Metals coated with plastics are finding application for special ponents. Many manufacturers make extensive use of fiberglassreinforced plastic (FRP) in their structure, pipe, fan blades, casing, inlet louvers, and connection po nents. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used for fill media, drift eliminators, and louvers. Fill bars and flow orifices are monly injection molded from polypropylene and acrylonitrile 。F) for HVAC applications. Thus, in a hot, dry climate towers can be sized smaller than those in a hot and humid area for a given heat load. Cooling towers are widely used because they allow designers to avoid some mon problems with rejection of heat from different processes. The primary advantage of the mechanical draft cooling tower is its ability to cool water to within 3–6176。 益次 , 纖 維增強(qiáng)塑料設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) . 北京逆流式研究所譯 , 中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社 ,1986: 1245. [9] 馬最良 , 孫宇輝 . 冷卻塔供冷技術(shù)的原理及分析 . 暖通空調(diào) , 1999: 29. [10] TED Pannkoke. cooling tower basics. HPAC, 1996. [11] JC Hensley. The application of cooling towers for freecooling ASHRAE Trans. 1994,100, partⅠ . [12] 秦慧敏 , 周清 , 潘毅群 . 利用冷卻水供冷 . 全國(guó)暖通空調(diào)制冷年會(huì)論文集 , 1996 [13] 錢換群 , 郭懷德 , 金安 . 冷卻塔冷卻過(guò)程模擬計(jì)算 . 暖通空調(diào) , 2020: 5387. [14] 史佑青 . 冷卻塔運(yùn)行與試驗(yàn) . 北京 : 水利電力出版社 , 2020: 5898. Cooling Towers 天津大學(xué)仁愛學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 23 If a chiller is used to provide chilled water for building air conditioning, then the heat energy that is absorbed through that process must be rejected. The two most mon ways to reject thermal energy from the vapor pression process are either directly to the air or through a cooling tower. In a cooling tower, water is recirculated and evaporatively cooled through direct contact heat transfer with the ambient air. This cooled water can then be used to absorb and reject the thermal energy from the condenser of the chiller. The most mon cooling tower used for HVAC applications is the mechanical draft cooling tower (Figure ). The mechanical draft tower uses one or more fans to force air through the tower, a heat transfer media or fill that brings the recirculated water into contact with the air, a water basin (sump) to collect the recirculated water, and a water distribution system to ensure even dispersal of the water into the tower fill. Figure shows the relationship between the recirculating water and air as they interact in a counterflow cooling tower. The evaporative cooling process involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer as the water es into contact with the atmospheric air. Ideally, the water distribution system causes the water to splash or atomize into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area of water available for heat transfer. The approach to the wetbulb is a monly used indicator of tower size and performance. It is defined as the temperature difference between the cooling water leaving the tower and the wetbulb of the air entering the tower. Theoretically, the water being recirculated in a tower could reach the wetbulb temperature, but this does not occur in actual tower operations. FIGURE Air/water temperature relationship in a counterflow cooling tower. The range for a chiller/tower bination is determined by the condenser thermal load and the cooling water flow rate, not by the capacity of the cooling tower. The range is 天津大學(xué)仁愛學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 24 defined as the temperature difference between the water entering the cooling tower and that leaving. The driver of tower performance is the ambient wetbulb temperature. The lower the average wetbulb temperature, the ―easier‖ it is for the tower to attain the desired range, typically 6176。 ( 8) 對(duì)于有防火要求的冷卻塔,必須采用阻燃樹脂。 ( 7) 法蘭部位的形狀如圖示。 ( 5) 殼體翻邊是殼體構(gòu)件的連接法蘭,必須相互平行,為此在設(shè)計(jì)模具時(shí),不僅要保證尺寸精確,而且要預(yù)先估計(jì)到變形的可能性。當(dāng)室溫在 15~ 30℃ ,固化時(shí)間為 8~ 24h[13]。 ( 3) 翻制殼體構(gòu)件的逆流式模具,必須保證尺寸精度,其誤差應(yīng)在設(shè)計(jì)公差允許范圍內(nèi)。 ( 2) 因?yàn)槔鋮s塔殼體外表面質(zhì)量要求較高,故殼體制造時(shí)常采用逆流式陰模成型。要求表面光滑、色澤均勻、無(wú)裂紋。 制造技術(shù) 復(fù)合材料冷卻塔殼體造型復(fù)雜,不宜于批量流水線生產(chǎn),在國(guó)內(nèi)常采用手糊工藝成型;也有采用手糊和噴射相結(jié)合的生產(chǎn)工藝。膠衣樹脂一般選用 TM33 或天津合成材料廠生產(chǎn)的SGL22 膠衣樹脂。 基體材料選擇 由于復(fù)合材料殼體的材料逆流式要求具有耐 水和減緩老化等功能,故基體材料選用常州 253 廠生產(chǎn)的 TM189 樹脂,羨并要求加入 UV 9 紫外線吸收劑。 增強(qiáng)材料選擇 制造冷卻塔殼體用的纖維增強(qiáng)材料,一般選用粗直徑中堿玻璃纖維紗、織的方格布,厚度從 ~ .嚴(yán)禁使用土坩堝生產(chǎn)的高堿玻璃纖維布 。高度為 t0 最大彎矩 20 / 12maxM q l? 式 ( 439) 最大應(yīng)力 26/m ax m axMt? ? 式 ( 440) 材料的允許應(yīng)力 ? ? /b K??? 式 ( 441) 第 四 章 冷卻塔殼體制造技術(shù) 天津大學(xué)仁愛學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 20 材料選擇 冷卻塔殼體一般采用聚酯逆流式制造。由于底部水槽用用螺栓固定在鋼支架上,可以簡(jiǎn)化為兩端固接梁。因此可以采用簡(jiǎn)化的 計(jì)算模型。 垂直壓力引起的應(yīng)力為: 210 47 SFM Pa? ?????/ 式 ( 435) 天津大學(xué)仁愛學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 19 垂直壓力 S 在 B 點(diǎn)引起的彎距 ? ? 291 272 210() 2 BM D a SN c m? ? ? ?? ? ??/2199 2 ?- 式 ( 436) 1 9 9 5 4 5 7 2 0 0 0 .0 4 3 6B M P a? ? ? ?? 肋跨中截面的總應(yīng)力為: 05 46 463 P m ax BM P a? ? ? ?? ? ?? ???中+ + 式 ( 437) 截面受到的最大壓力為: 3 2 .6 4 8m a xpF N?? ? ? ?? 4 7 O . 6 6 9 5中 式 ( 438) 與截面的臨界 pcr比較,則 pmax﹤ pcr 如果將肋增加到 12cm,會(huì)更安全。22中- 式 ( 428) 8 6 3 . 3 4 8 6 8 6 2 肋穩(wěn)定計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖如圖 所 圖 45 肋穩(wěn)定計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖 下面計(jì)算肋所承受的 歐拉臨界力。 肋的中性軸: /19 .2 1. 2 0. 6 1[ 0 2. 4 0. 5()1. 2 473. 6]4e S Fcm? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ??+ + 式( 420) 肋橫截面對(duì) x 軸和 y 軸的慣性矩分別為: 天津大學(xué)仁愛學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 17 3 2 2 ? 4()1 9 . 2 1 . 2 1 2 1 9 . 2 1 . 2 3 . 4 6 0 . 6 2 0 0 2 . 4 1 0 6 . 8 4 5472. )6 (Ix cm? ? ? ? ? ? ?? + - + + - 式( 421) 3341 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 2 1 0 1 2 2 . 4719Iy cm? ? ? ? ?? + 式( 422) 由于 Iy< Ix,故取 Ix 計(jì)算臨界力。即使整體強(qiáng)度滿足了要求,還是可能出現(xiàn)局部強(qiáng)度不夠的情況,故尚需對(duì)局部強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行核算。 設(shè)計(jì)中的最大壓應(yīng)力為 ,遠(yuǎn)小于許用壓應(yīng)力 18MPa,即 σA≤[σC]很多,斷面可以減小。+ + + - + - ++ + + 式 ( 410) 肋的橫截面積為
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