【正文】 2. Square column shaped sticks injury： Hit the soft tissue of the body with the edge vertically ,which can cause a narrow strip contusion. And a stripshaped laceration can be caused by hitting the bone padded part with it’ s edge. Hit with the plane vertically, which can cause stripshaped subcutaneous hemorrhage Vertical bash, which can cause hollow subcutaneous hemorrhage 3. Irregular stick injury： .. Bough, trunk or something else. due to fall :Injuries caused by the collision of the moving body and the stationary objects when fell from high place( include sudden fall), belongs to a special pattern of mechanical injury (pound blunt injury). 2. Formation mechanism and affecting factors： （ 1） Acting force→ ground=counter acting force （ 2） Affecting factors： ● Concerned with the weight, height, speed and the acting force( impact force), . the heavier and higher the body is →V↑→F↑→ the more serious it injures. ● The impact part of the body and the way of contact ： ※If the head lands first, craniocerebral injury can be very serious, and death can occur immediately. ※ 。 If human soft tissue lucrative parts are hit with a faster pace, it can cause subcutaneous hemorrhage like bamboo hit, and hollow area in general is still smaller than the diameter sticks。 And when on the face, lips, tongue, vulva, etc, adulteryrelated, When in the murderer39。 all body ans can be damaged or broken. ▲ visceral concussion: dysfunction ▲ visceral contusion and visceral film plete are mainly characterized with hemorrhage and necrosis , such as cerebral contusion, pulmonary contusion, renal contusion, etc. ▲ visceral rupture ： Completely destruction of the integrity of the human torso anatomy limbs is called disintegration of body, much found in accidents, explosions, building collapse, high fall, mutilated bodies, etc. Medicolegal investigation task is to carry out personal identification. 鈍器傷 （ Blunt Instrument Injury） First: Concept instrument: all objects which have no sharp edges or tips. instrument injury: The injuries caused by blunt instruments. This type of mechanical injury often exists in forensic cases, whose shape is varied much. Second : injuries of hand and foot 1. Injuries by palm: refers to the damages caused by palm or side of the hand (1)found in face as usual, . perforation of tympanic membrane. (2)the degree of injuries is variable: when it is not serious, the injured part is just skin redness, sometimes with bruising and bleeding under the skin, while it can be deadly serious (. intracranial hemorrhage or reflective shock) 2. Boxing injuries: The injuries caused by fist, resulting in more severe damage than that above. (1) found in head and face in the first: hurt in eyes and ears, as well as teeth loss。s tprivate parts,stock inside,hands and arms . ● Grazes： Object or rough ground rubs with skin surface and lead to the bruise of the skin. Generally the stress area is large and widely demaged. This often can be found in the body parts which is more prominent,and it is sheet or strip, but may be acpanied by subcutaneous bleeding and scab skin formation. ● Friction： The object of Rough surface, such as rope or other braid, oppresses skin ,at the same time rubs the skin surface with a heavy vertical force and horizontal as: hanged or strangled 。s enginery state (health, disease state) The contact force position Fourth:the basic form of mechanical injury （ 6 forms） :injuring objects apply to human body and lead to separation between skin and dermis,it39。s antemortem injury or postmortem injury； ③ To judge the injuring objects； ④ Injuring time； ⑤ personal identification and so on。 Object： living body and object of dead body39。Mechanical Injury Wang Daihong Associate Chief Physician Medical Doctor HUST Tongji hospital of xianning Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department of The ecocircumstances center hospital First:conception : injury or wound caused by effect factors in the body,which lead to the destruction of the anizational structure and dysfunction. injury ： effect factors act on human body by machanical movement and lead to the destruction of the anizational structure and dysfunction. Second: Mechanical damage of forensic medicine identification and object of living damage forensic identification Task： ① Injury severity。 ② Injury ways； ③ To judge the injuring objects； ④ To judge the injuring time； ⑤ Injury degree； ⑥ Labor capacity； ⑦ Old injuring and new injuring； ⑧ Compensation。s damage forensic identification Tasks： ① To determine the cause of death； ② To determine it39。 Object： dead body Third:the three elements of damage formation： objects（ murder weapon） : an object which caused mechanical damage. Features： various injuring objects（ solid； liquid； gas） The extent of the damage depends on the quality, shape and size of things, but in some cases there is an exception. The relative motion forms between hunamn body and injuring objects： Moving object and relative static body. Human movement and relatively stationary object. Moving object and moving human . ? The mon hard injuring objects include blunt, sharps and firearms. Blunt:tools with no tips and edge,such as fists and feet... Sharps:tools with tips and edge,such as cutting machine and sting... Firearms:bullet, explosives and other tools. force： Compression and Stretch:acting force apply on the same axis,in same direaction ,called pression, while in opposite direaction called stretch. Shear:to make the