【正文】 future job scene Hottest jobs: ? Tissue Engineers ? Gene Programmers ? Pharmers ? Frankenfood Monitors ? Data Miners ? Hotline Handymen ? Virtual Reality Actors ? Narrowcasters ? Turing Testers ? Knowledge Engineers Jobs that will disappear: ? Brokers, car dealers, insurance RE agents ? Teachers ? Printers ? Stenographers ? CEOs ? Orthodontists ? Prison Guards ? Truckers ? House Keepers ? Fathers ( mothers?) Source : Time, 26Jun, 00 Tom Peter?s 5 Drivers for change: 1. The petitive pressure by new eenterprises 2. Automation of white collar job 3. Global Outsourcing 4. B2B will link/integrate supply chains: Fast procurement globally 5. Fast pace of innovation: It took 37 years for radio to get to 50 million homes. The Web 4 years! ? Gradual random change improvement (unsystematic slow) ? Rapid (market imposed) change (socially too painful economically disruptive) ? Project/programme management of change (providing an ideal framework for orderly step changes) 3 Approaches to Change Management: Change Management ? Change management applies at different levels: anisation, government department, industry munity ? Leadership, reward system, regulations education are critical drivers for initiating driving beneficial change ? Managing change by projects involves multiple projects coordinated centrally within a framework ? Better control ? Better customer relations ? Shorter development times ? Lower costs ? Higher quality and reliability ? Higher profit margins ? Sharper orientation toward results ? Better interdepartmental coordination ? Higher worker morale Why Have Enterprises Projectized? What Is Project Management ? Concept Development Closeout Implementation Scope Time Human Resources Procure ment Quality Cost Risk Commun ications Knowledge Areas Project Life Cycle Phases Project Success Framework For Project Integration Management PLANNING ORGANIZING DIRECTING CONTROLLING Systems and Procedures Format Organization People and Production Budgets and Resources Objectives Policies Program Structure Staffing Coordinating Motivating Leading Supervising Cost Quality Quantity BASIC MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS MISSION/OBJECTIVES SITUATION ASSESSMENT CORPORATE STRATEGY STRATEGIC PLANNING Business Unit Analysis Identify and Evaluate Strategic Alternatives Develop Strategic Plan and Implementation Market Targeting Objectives Positioning Monitor Performance PLANNING ORGANIZING DIRECTING CONTROLLING Project Charter Milestones Activities Close out TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT MANAGMENT + + = PROFITABLE BUSINESS PLANNING Project Management As an Enabler A Core Competence Tom Peters has observed that more than 50% of what gets done in anizations is project work. (See his book, Liberation Management, for more on this.) Clearly, project management should be a core petence, just like accounting, manufacturing, or marketing. Project Failures Studies have shown for many years that project failures remain high—as many as 85 percent have problems. An estimated $128 billion is wasted in software projects each year. Approximately 30 percent of every dollar spent on projects is rework! Major Reasons for Project Failure 1. Failing to define the problem to be solved 2. Lack of planning 3. Not understanding customer requirements 4. Ballpark estimates bee targets 5. Estimates are wishful thinking instead of databased Number On