【正文】 has more experience. Student: So, for example, a Japanese pany in the United States would most probably have seniorlevel Japanese managers with midlevel managers maybe from the United States . But in Japan , the seniorlevel Japanese managers at an American pany would probably have midlevel American managers reporting to them? Professor: Well, generalities are always a little tricky, but for the most part, that would be a typical scenario. Because living as a permanent expatriate is a career move in Japan , but a temporary strategy in the United States . Student: Okay. That39。s located in a developed country, but in a developing country, then home country nationals manage the pany sort of indefinitely. Professor: Right again. And an example of that would be . . . Student: . . . maybe using German management for a Swiss pany in Germany , but, uh, they might send Swiss management to provide leadership for a Swiss pany in . . . in . . . Professor: How about Zimbabwe ? Student: This is one of the confusing parts. Zimbabwe has a very old and highly developed culture, so. . .Professor: . . . but it39。t read my notes. Professor: Okay. Well, one pattern is to rely on home country managers to staff the key positions when the pany opens, but gradually moving more host country nationals into upper management as the pany grows. Student: So, for example, if a French pany opened a factory in Canada , then French management would gradually replace themselves with Canadian managers. Is that what you mean? Professor: Right. I think I used that very example in class. So do you want to try to explain the second pattern to me? Student: Sure. I think it39。ll refer to your sketches as examples. Paragraph 4Student: Thanks for seeing me, Professor Williams. Professor: Glad to, Alice . What do you have on your mind? Student : Well, I got a little mixed up when I started to go over my notes from the last class, so I had a few questions. Professor: Shoot. Student: Okay. I understand the three basic sources of personnel for multinational panies. That39。ll continue our discussion of drawing, but we39。m not going to grade them. This isn39。m saying is that drawing when it39。t permit cameras in the courtroom. Okay, to review, we39。s actual observation. Probably the most often cited example of a sketch that preserved an historical record would be the small drawing of Marie Antoinette as she was taken to the guillotine in a cart through the streets of Paris . JacquesLouis David sketched this famous drawing on a piece of paper about the size of the palm of his hand. And the artist, the artist reporter, is still important even in modern times, when photography isn39。s Bound Slave by Edgar Degas. The original by Michelangelo was a marble sculpture that was, oh, about seven feet in height, but the small drawing was made in a sketchpad. In any case, the study is also considered a masterpiece, on a small scale, of course. So . . . what additional purposes might be served by the medium of drawing? Well, let39。s recreated in the form of a drawing. Many examples of drawings of Michelangelo39。 studios, countless drawings are strewn about as the final painting or sculpture takes form. And this gives us insight into the creative process, as well the opportunity to see changes from the images at the beginning in the images of the finished work. It39。t plan to trick you with test questions about exceptional patterns, but I expect you to know that exceptions to the patterns can occur when geological events influence them. Paragraph 3Professor: Drawing is a very basic art form. It39。s been formed by fractured joints and faults. And because this broken rock is eroded more easily than unbroken rock, stream beds are carved along the jointed bedrock. Finally we have the trellis pattern. And here in this example, you can see quite clearly how the tributaries of an almost parallel structure drain into valleys and . . . and form the appearance of a garden trellis. This pattern forms in areas where there are alternating bands of variable resistance, and by that I mean that the bands of rock that are very strong and resistant to erosion alternate with bands of rock that are weak and easily eroded. This often happens when a horizontal plain folds and outcroppings appear. So, as I said, as a whole, these patterns are dictated by the structure and relief of the land. The kinds of rocks on which the streams are developed, the structural pattern of the folds, uh, faults, and . . . uplift will usually determine a drainage system. However, I should also mention that drainage patterns can occasionally appear to be, well, out of sync with the landscape. And this can happen when a stream flows over older structures that have been uncovered by erosion or . . . or when a stream keeps its original drainage system when rocks are uplifted. So when that happens, the pattern appears to be contrary to the expected course of the stream. But I39。s look at the next example. This drainage pattern is referred to as a radial pattern. Notice how the streams flow from a central point. This is usually a high mountain, or a volcano. It kind of looks like the spokes that radiate out from the hub of a wheel. When we see a radial pattern, we know that the area has experienced uplift and that the direction of the drainage is down the slopes of a relatively isolated central point. Going back to the dendritic for a moment. The pattern is determined by the direction of the slope of the land, but it, uh, the streams flow in more or less the same direction, and . . . so it39。s an example of a dendritic pattern. As you can see, it39。re determined by the climate, the topography, and the position of the rock that underlies the formations. So, consequently, we can see that a drainage pattern is really a good visual summary of the characteristics of a particular region, both geologically and climactically. In other words, when we loo