【正文】 ： 被修飾的名詞或代詞 關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞 ： 關(guān)系代詞： 關(guān)系副詞： when, where, why等 who, whom, whose, which, that等 定語從句的相關(guān)概念 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主語；賓語 作賓語可省 which 物 主語；賓語 作賓語可省 who 人 主語；賓語 作賓語可省 whom 人 賓語 可省 whose 人；物 定語 不可省 關(guān)系代詞的用法 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞的用法 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 when 時(shí)間 狀語 否 where 地點(diǎn) 狀語 否 why 原因 狀語 否 關(guān)系副詞 定語從句 ? 術(shù)語：先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞 ? 分類：限制性，非限制性 難點(diǎn)講解 1。 hear ? C. Not having received。so …as to 句型 . ? Would you be so kind as to carry this bag for me? ? This passage is too long for me to learn by heart. ? Would you be kind enough to shut the door? ? 不定式作原因狀語常見于系表結(jié)構(gòu)句型 ,表示人的情緒的形容詞后邊 . ? Mary is always pleased to be invited to sing at the party. ? I am so glad to have an opportunity to work with you. ? She felt sad to have lost such a good job. ? He was surprised to see that everything in his room was gone. ? Exercises: ? 1. ____ a reply, he decided to write again. (MET92 39) ? A. Not receiving B. Receiving not ? C. Not having received D. Having not received ? 2 .___from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine whether he goes. ? A. Suffered B Suffering C Having suffered D Being suffered C C ? 3. European football is played in 80 countries, ___ it the most popular sport in the world. ? A. making B. makes C. made D. to make ? 4. ____ down the radio the baby’s asleep in the next room. ? (MET93 24) ? A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn A D ? 5. 3. Unless ___ to speak， you should remain silent at the conference． ? A． invited B． inviting C． being invited D． having invited (‘03上春 ) ? 6. 2. It ’s a pay day and they are waiting____. ? A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid ? 7. To master a foreign language,______. ? A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice ? C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice A D D ? 8. ____ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. ? sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept ? 9. ____ a letter from her parents, Lily is now looking ? forward to ___ from them. ? not received。 so as to 引導(dǎo)目的狀語 . ? Some shops in England have long hours before Christmas in order to attract customers ? He opened the door only to find that his house had been broken into. ?不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于 too…to。 ? 3。 ? 2。 ? 1。 exciting D. excited 。 excited B. excited 。 held D. Held 。 being held B. Held 。 giving D. Given。 given B. Given。 stolen D. lying。 stolen B. laying。 took D. looking 。 taken B. looking 。 seeing D. Seen 。 seen B. Seen 。 followed D. followed 。 following B. followed 。 tiring D. tired 。 tired B. tired 。 ? Judging from his accent, he must e from Canada. ? 考慮到他是如此可愛，我們決定讓他免費(fèi)聽音樂會(huì)。 ? Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. ? 高中階段能接 ing分詞作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞： ? mind suggest enjoy admit ? appreciate avoid delay dislike ? escape finish five imagine ? keep miss practise ? risk consider ? 常見的帶介詞 to的短語 ， 后接 ing或名詞 。 如： ? 隨著時(shí)間的推移 ， 他的頭發(fā)變花白了 。 ? Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. ? 注： ing分詞作狀語時(shí) ， 它的邏輯主語就是整個(gè)句子的主語 。 ? Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. ? ? ⑤ ing分詞間或也可作 條件 狀語和 讓步 狀語 ? A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. ? 一個(gè)人如站在大山的腳下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小 。 如： ? 他們在那兒站了半小時(shí) ， 觀察著天上的星星 。 如： ? His father died, leaving him a lot of money. ? 她非常生氣 ， 把玩具扔在地上 ， 把它摔成了碎片 。 ? Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. ? ② ing分詞短語作 原因狀語 ， ? Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. ? 因?yàn)榉浅＜?dòng) ， 那晚我們許多人都沒睡著 。 如： ? 他一邊看書 ， 一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭 。 His speech is quite perfect. The two brothers are quite different in character. 4) 表頭銜，稱號，職稱 (不是職業(yè) )的名詞前不加冠詞，特別是作表語或 as的介賓表獨(dú)一無二的頭銜時(shí)： He succeeded Patton as mander in chief. Maybe I can act as spokesman. ? She served as a model for the pany. ? He had no success as a teacher. 在 elect ,turn之后，概不用冠詞： He turned professor years later. Bush was elected Present of the USA. 5). a/an+最高級 This is a most useful book. He told me a most amusing story. Most在這是強(qiáng)化語，相當(dāng)于 very, extremely. 注意： most+形 +， most是最高級還是強(qiáng)化語？ ? She was most rude to me. ? You are most convincing(具有說服力的 ). ? They are most hardworking students. ? Here are some most different characteristics. ? 另： mostly主要地，大部分地： ? Students below 7 mostly use pencils to write with. football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 分詞作狀語 4. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied ? 5) ing分詞做 狀 語： ? ing分詞作狀語可以表示 時(shí)間 、 原因 、 結(jié)果 、條件 、 讓步 、 方式或伴隨情況 等 。 ? I met an old man on my way here. ? The book I lost was found under the desk. 1. 不定冠詞的位置： a/an一般放在名詞短語的最前端，但有例外： 1）。 表倍數(shù)的句型 ? 1 數(shù)詞 +times/half/quarter等 +as…as: ? The book is half as thick as that one. 2 …times/half…+ 名 /代 +of +B: The age o