【正文】 2 001 ) E A T O N C OR P O R A T IO NCT w o B o d yThree Bo dyO ne B o d yF lu idF i g u r e 6 4 C l a s s e s o f a b r a s i o nCO PY RI GH T ( 2 0 0 1 ) EA T O N CO RP OR A T IO NCF ig u r e 6 5 S u r f a c e f a t ig u e a n d c o n t a m in a n t g e n e r a t io nCO PYR IG HT (20 01) EA T ON C OR P OR A TIO NCHig h V e lo city M icr o je t F or m ati onFi g u re 6 6 P ro ce ss of c a vit a tion a n d a e ra tion d a m ag eCO P Y RI G H T (2 0 01 ) E A T O N C O R P O R A T IO NCV apo r Bub bl es Imp lod eV apo r Bub bl es FormRes tr ictio nEro sio nF i g u r e 6 7 P u m p c a v i t a t i o nCO P Y RI G HT (2 0 01 ) E A T O N C O RP O RA T IO NCFi gu re 6 8 Pu m p ae ra tio nCO P YRI GH T (2022) EA T ON C OR POR A TIONCF igur e 6 9 S our ces of we ar me t al s, ad ditive s, an d c ont am inan t sC OPYRIG H T (2 001 ) EA T ON CO R PO R A TIONCWE A R ME T A LS , A DD ITIV E S , A ND C ONT A MINA NT SCop pe r (Cu) B ush in gs, c ylin de rs o r , oxi da tionLe ad ( P b) B ush in gsT in (Sn ) B ush in gs o r p latin gChr om ium (C r) V al ve s po ols, c yli nde rs, or p latin gA lum inum (A l) Ge ar p um p s, v alv es, o r fill ersNic kel (N i) W ea r from val ve s or tub ingS ilico n ( S i) A irbo rne di rt from pro ce ss o r op er ation co ola ntB ari um (Ba) Oil a dd itive, dete rg entMa gn esi um (Mg ) Oil a dd itive, dete rg entB oro n ( B) Oil a dd itive, dete rg entP ho sph oru s (P ) Oil a dd itive, anti wea r (P art o f Z DP p ack ag e)Z inc (Z n) Oil a dd itive, anti wea r , or b us hing s 30 04 00 P PM typ ica lCal cium (Ca ) Oil a dd itive, dete rg ent 50 P PM typ ica lIron (F e) P um p s, va lv es, c ylin der s, o r ox idati onCont amina tion c ontrol in hydrau lic systemsLoss of Usefulne ssObsolescence15%Accid ent s15%Surface Degradation70%Corrosion20%Mechanical W ear50%Abrasion Fatigue AdhesionFigu re 61 0 MIT stud y of hydr aulic system failure sCOP YRIGH T (200 1) E A T ON CORPORA TIO NCC O M P O N E N T M I C R O N S I N C H E SG e a r P u m pC L E A R A N C EL O C A T I O NG e a r t o s i d e p l a t eG e a r t i p t o c a s e1 / 2 51 / 2 50 . 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 20 . 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 20 . 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 2V a n e P u m pP i s t o n P u m pS e r v o V a l v eC o n t r o l V a l v eA c t u a t o r sH y d r o s t a t i c B e a r i n g sA n t i f r i c t i o n B e a r i n g sS l i d e B e a r i n g sT i p o f v a n eS i d e s o f v a n e1 / 2 11 / 2 15 1 30 . 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 40 . 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 40 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 5P i s t o n t o b o r eV a l v e p l a t e t o c y l i n d e r5 4 01 / 2 50 . 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 5O r i f i c eO r i f i c eF l a p p e r w a l lS p o o l s l e e v eS p o o l s l e e v e1 3 0 4 5 01 8 6 31 40 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 1 80 . 0 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 2 50 . 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 1 5D i s k t y p eP o p p e t t y p e1 3 0 1 0 , 0 0 01 2 31 3 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 1 50 . 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 90 . 0 0 5 0 . 45 0 2 5 00 2 51/21/20 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 10 . 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 10 . 0 0 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 2 Figure 61 1 T ypical m anufactured clearance s in hydra ulic pon ent sCOP YRIG HT (2022) EA T ON CO RPO RA T IONCP a r t i c l e n e a rc l e a r a n c e s i z eS i l t p a r t i c l e sP a r t i c l e l a r g e rt h a n c l e a r a n c eP a r t i c l e s t h a t a r e t h e s a m e s i z e o r s l i g h t l y s m a l l e r t h a n t h e c l e a r a n c e s b e t w e e n m o v i n g s u r f a c e s w i l l i n t e r a c t w i t h b o t h s u r f a c e s t o c a u s e w e a r. V e r