【正文】 e. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16. Tourism can be sustainable …… so that potential ____________ (two words) on the host munity do not surpass the financial benefits.17. The tourism industry also provides opportunities for smallscale businesses, which is especially important in _______________ (two words).18. Tourism encourages the preservation of traditional customs, folk music and festivals that ________________ (two words) have been lost.19. Tourism, particularly ecotourism, helps promote ________________ (three words) and natural resources.20. It also helps generate funding for maintaining animal preserves and marine parks through ________________ (two words) and guide fees.Part II Paraphrase (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: Read the following sentences and then paraphrase them.1. Unless you seem sincere when you give pliments during a conversation, you are not going to get a good response.2. It has long been known that Cairo is the most populous city on earth, but noone knew exactly how populous it was until last month.3. This is likely to be an underestimate as the screening was voluntary and a number of clients declined the screening altogether.4. Brown remended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living.5. In developed countries there are rigorous standards for food preparation, whereas in povertystricken countries the main issue is the availability of adequate safe water.Part III Put the selected sentences in the correct order (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: The following passage is selected from the Abstract of a research paper. Please fill in the blanks with the appropriate sentences listed below the passage.1. __________________________________________________________________. In this paper we broadly characterize trends in global forest area by intensity of management, and provide an overview of changes in global carbon stocks associated with managed forests. 2. __ _____________________________________________________________________. The area of global forests has declined by 3% since 1990 but the area of planted forest has increased in all regions of the world and now accounts for almost 7% of global forest land. The area of primary forest, which is typically defined as lacking direct human influence, is about 34% of all forest land according to country reports, but the area is declining especially in South America and Africa because of humancaused habitat fragmentation and degradation. 3. ________________________ __________________________________________. As a result of increasing management intensity, the area of unmanaged forest, typically defined as land lacking protected status or a management plan, dropped significantly since 1990 and now prises only 21% of global forests. There have been significant increases in areas of forest used for nonwood forest products such as protection of soil and water, conservation of biodiversity, and provision of social services. Globally, timber production has been relatively stable since 1990, but increasing areas of forest used for nonwood forest products indicates that harvesting is taking place on a smaller proportion of the total forest area. 4. _______________________________________________________________. Established forests currently offset about 30% of global emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel use, and there are mitigation opportunities involving forests that could increase the gross terrestrial C uptake from roughly to Pg C annually. 5. _____________________________________________ ______________________. In the future, indirect human influences such as increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change, along with the direct effects of land management and projected increasing demand for wood biofuel, are likely to bee increasingly important elements that influence land management strategies and the role of forests in the global carbon cycle.A. Concurrently, the area of naturally regenerated forest that is not classified as primary forest has declined.B. We discuss different interpretations of ‘‘management’’ and highlight some important accounting and analysis issues. C. Global forests are increasingly affected by landuse change, fragmentation, changing management objectives, and degradation.D. However, our results suggest that a diversifying use of forest land may have significant consequences for maintaining or increasing the current rate of terrestrial carbon sequestration.E. Based on trends in the area of managed forest and regional studies, it is clear that historical and current forest management has been a very significant determining factor of current carbon stocks. Part IV Cloze (10 points, 1 point each)There is no doubt that air pollution is a global crisis: it causes an annual death 1 of million. That is double the total number of people lost 2 HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria 3 , and four times the number killed on the world’s roads. Half the early deaths result from outdoor air pollution that is far more dispersed and