【正文】 you do that advances your presence especially in a larger sphere, outside the munities you knowis a net win.36. astronomer david hogg doesn39。University of cambridge, uk, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossilbased research depends on access to others39。m familiar with didn39。when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, she says.[L] despite plications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example, when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI) is assigned.Scientists can use a doi to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper In so doing, they can potentially get three citations one each for tthe data and software,inaddition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data hace little t there is a new area to navigateare you cool with the fact that i39。and code makes traditional academics unfortable, says ram. the concem seems to be that open advocates don39。s a bigger fraction of what39。melinda Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the welle trust in london, also mandate open data from their grant recipients.[F] but many young rescarchers,especially those who have not been mentored in open science are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private. graduate students and who often are working on their lab heads grant, may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior colleague opposes sharing.[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career Everybody has a story about soneone getting scoopedsays New York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to sharing hardwon data. with my institution and teaching load, i don39。crisis in science whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify largescale trends[b] the opendata shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers,on the one hand, the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to that support increased public access to research on the other hand, scientists disagree about how much and when they should share data, and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities andproblems. as more joumals and funders adopt datasharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.( c) one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without being scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration proposal from those who are wary of or unfamiliar with open science. and they must learn how to capitalize on the movements benefits, such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in highimpact journals.[D] some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal supporters of the drive for moreopen science. a few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in reproducible sciencefor example, by affixing an badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nosek,executive director of the center for open science, the average datasharing rate for the joumal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an opendata policy several strongly encourage,and some require a datamanagement plan that makes data available. the ional scienc Foundation is among these. some philanthropic(amp。N)stocksG）independent L)spectacleE）essential I)permitB）celebrities A）allocate 34 to our survival. we want to lead the way in restoring the health of the ocean for future generations.Palau has only been an31 fishing businesses with limited exports.island 30 have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing the ocean, said President Tommy Remengesau jr. in a statement. creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of Palau recognise as29 economic zone devoted to marine conservation by any 28 s the highest percentage of an27 no fishing or also established the world39。s most healthy diets24. a)it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kindb)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world overc)it was conducted in seven mideastern countries in the 1950sd) it involved 13,000 researchers from asia, europe and america25. a)they eat foods with little fatb)they have lower mortality ratesc)they use little oil in cookingd)they care much about their healthPartIII Reading Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The pacific island nation of Palau has bee home to the sixth largest marine sanctuary in the world. the new marine the largest in th