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基于arm的智能探測(cè)小車(chē)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文-文庫(kù)吧資料

2025-06-28 12:58本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 omputer Group 和 VLSI Technology 聯(lián)合成立的一家設(shè)計(jì) 32 位嵌入式 RISC 芯片內(nèi)核的公司。根據(jù) IEEE(國(guó)際電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會(huì))的定義:嵌入式系統(tǒng)是“ 用于控制、監(jiān)視或者輔助操作機(jī)器和設(shè)備的裝置”(原文為 devices used to control,monitor,or assist the operation of equipment,machinery or plants) 。狹義上而言,嵌入式系統(tǒng)是指以應(yīng)用為核心,計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),軟硬件可裁減,對(duì)功能、可靠性、成本、體積和功耗嚴(yán)格要求的專(zhuān)用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。舉例來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)(PC)不是一種嵌入式系統(tǒng),因?yàn)樗怯糜谕ㄓ媚康牡南到y(tǒng)。4.通過(guò)對(duì)智能探測(cè)小車(chē)做的大量實(shí)驗(yàn)的前提下,本文給出了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)比較和分析,并對(duì)機(jī)器人小車(chē)的研究做了展望。對(duì)于紅外尋跡本文實(shí)現(xiàn) PD 變尺度增量控制算法并分析了的其優(yōu)劣。2.移植 Linux、內(nèi)核、系統(tǒng)文件,編寫(xiě)智能探測(cè)小車(chē)底層物理驅(qū)動(dòng)并在 Linux操作系統(tǒng)的平臺(tái)基礎(chǔ)上編寫(xiě)調(diào)試智能探測(cè)小車(chē)的應(yīng)用程序。為達(dá)到上述目的,本課題主要對(duì)以下方面進(jìn)行了工作:1.結(jié)合當(dāng)前機(jī)器人發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、體系結(jié)構(gòu)以及面臨的主要技術(shù)問(wèn)題,闡述了基于ARM 嵌入式智能探測(cè)小車(chē)控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)出了基于 ARM920T 的最小系統(tǒng)。研究紅外尋跡的 PD 變尺度增量控制算法和圖像處理的灰度二值化算法。嵌入真正開(kāi)放、資源豐富、擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)、能實(shí)時(shí)多任務(wù)管理的 Linux 操作系統(tǒng)成為首選辦法。目前基于單片機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)外圍電路、可靠性、可擴(kuò)展性普遍較差,如何設(shè)計(jì)一套電路簡(jiǎn)單、性能可靠、功能齊全的嵌入式機(jī)器人小車(chē)硬件控制系統(tǒng)是另一個(gè)難題。而要進(jìn)行思考和管理就必須要有可靠的控制算法,但是常規(guī)的單一控制算法都不具備充當(dāng)機(jī)器人小車(chē)更“智能” 的條件。作者在從事嵌入式機(jī)器人的研究期間,曾帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生參加過(guò) IEEE 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電腦鼠走迷宮、全國(guó)高職高專(zhuān)技能大賽——嵌入式產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)等比賽。另外,智能探測(cè)小車(chē)的自動(dòng)控制、傳感、通信等的研究將有助于車(chē)輛的研究,車(chē)輛駕駛?cè)蝿?wù)的自動(dòng)完成將給人類(lèi)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步帶來(lái)巨大的影響 [25]。自尋跡的智能探測(cè)小車(chē),是一個(gè)集環(huán)境感知、規(guī)劃決策,自動(dòng)行駛等功能于一體的綜合系統(tǒng),它集中地運(yùn)用了計(jì)算機(jī)、傳感、信息、通信、導(dǎo)航、人工及自動(dòng)控制等技術(shù),是典型的高新技術(shù)綜合體。操作員可以通過(guò)修改小車(chē)的計(jì)算機(jī)程序來(lái)改變它的行駛方式。常見(jiàn)的模型小車(chē),都屬于這類(lèi)遙控車(chē)。目前各國(guó)關(guān)于機(jī)器人的定義都各不相同,在美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,只有易于再編程的裝置才認(rèn)為是機(jī)器人?;鹦擒?chē)能夠在火星上自主行駛:當(dāng)火星車(chē)發(fā)現(xiàn)值得探測(cè)的目標(biāo),它會(huì)驅(qū)動(dòng)六基于 ARM 的智能探測(cè)小車(chē)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 第一章 緒論3個(gè)輪子向目標(biāo)行駛,在檢測(cè)到前進(jìn)方向上的障礙后,火星車(chē)會(huì)去尋找可能的最佳路徑。 “勇氣” 號(hào)是迄今美國(guó)發(fā)射的最尖端的火星探測(cè)裝置,其頂部的桅桿式結(jié)構(gòu)上裝有全景照相機(jī)及具有紅外探測(cè)能力的微型熱輻射分光計(jì)。迄今為止,它們已在火星表面跋涉了 5 年多時(shí)間,以尋找這顆星球過(guò)去是否有水的線索。2022 年,美國(guó)宇航局發(fā)射“勇氣 ”號(hào)和“機(jī)遇”號(hào)火星車(chē)執(zhí)行火星探索任務(wù)。甚至還有航天專(zhuān)家預(yù)想,我國(guó)將在 2022 年——2033 年間實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)人火星探測(cè),2040 年——2060 年實(shí)現(xiàn)載人火星探測(cè) [1]。 “回 ”的技術(shù)水平更高、更復(fù)雜,預(yù)計(jì)在 2022 年左右進(jìn)行。第三期工程叫“ 回” 即發(fā)射一個(gè)月球著陸器著陸在月球表面,但這個(gè)著陸器與上一期“落”階段的月球著陸器不一樣,它還帶有返回的功能。 第二期工程叫“ 落” 即發(fā)射一個(gè)月球探測(cè)器,著陸在月球表面上,再?gòu)倪@個(gè)月球著陸探測(cè)器上釋放出一個(gè)探月車(chē),在月球表面上行走探測(cè)。 選題依據(jù)及研究意義 “嫦娥工程”是分階段實(shí)施的 “三步走” ,三階段都采用無(wú)人自動(dòng)探測(cè),可用 “繞、落、回”來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單概括: 第一期工程叫“ 繞” 即發(fā)射一個(gè)月球探測(cè)器,圍繞月球軌道靠近月面進(jìn)行探測(cè),包括對(duì)月球影像的拍攝,對(duì)近月表面情況(成分、月壤厚度等)的探測(cè),以及對(duì)月地之間環(huán)境的探測(cè)等。月球已成為未來(lái)航天大國(guó)爭(zhēng)奪戰(zhàn)略資源的焦點(diǎn)。 嫦娥二號(hào)探月任務(wù)“嫦娥二號(hào)”的成功發(fā)射標(biāo)志著開(kāi)展月球探測(cè)工作是我國(guó)邁出航天深空探測(cè)第一步的重大舉措。這代表著, “嫦娥二號(hào) ”任務(wù)已基本取得成功。美國(guó)媒體在嫦娥二號(hào)發(fā)射當(dāng)天即用大量文字和圖片報(bào)道中國(guó)月球探索歷程;新加坡《聯(lián)合早報(bào)》將中國(guó)的嫦娥二號(hào)和西方發(fā)射的探月衛(wèi)星進(jìn)行了比較,認(rèn)為嫦娥二號(hào)只用 112 小時(shí)便能進(jìn)入月球軌道,比歐洲和日本探月衛(wèi)星的速度都要快。2022 年,中國(guó)正式開(kāi)展月球探測(cè)工程,并命名為“嫦娥工程”,直到“嫦娥一號(hào)”的奔月成功,國(guó)人的夢(mèng)正一步一步地走向?qū)崿F(xiàn)。關(guān)鍵詞:ARM、智能探測(cè)、Linux、尋跡、圖像處理、溫度補(bǔ)償、位置跟蹤ARMbased intelligent detection of car design and implementation AbstractARMbased intelligent detection of car design and implementationAbstractWith our initial success in the goddess of the project and gradually, the design of the lunar probes has been drawing large number of scientific workers. Intelligent detection of the car belongs to the category of the robot, the embedded space technology and advanced technology, electrical sensor, the path planning, Artificial intelligence and automatic control and technology. Car in the area of robotics applications, including autopilot and nuclear terrorism, maintenance, the area is detected, the transport and control products, robot development of the people will in the production and life has profound implications.Project aims to design a good scalable, modular intelligent exploration of education car control platform. it is able to meet the tertiary students to carry out a robot the game demands, and became embedded curriculum development and research on the platform. In this paper, ARM9 processor and the Linux operating system for the car was constructed by intelligent control software and hardware detection system.This paper analyzes the status of domestic and international research robot designed and implemented a lowpower, highperformance embedded microprocessors and embedded operating system bines intelligent detection of car control Intelligent detection of the car including looking at the embedded key module, top management module, electrical machinery urge module, infrared to seek mark module, examine warm module, lens module, wireless munication module,etc..The concrete content is as follows:Describes the application of intelligent detection of car value and significance, and a detailed description of the architecture of intelligent detection of car. Overview of ARMbased intelligent detection of car control system structure.ARMbased design of probe car control system of intelligent hardware platform. To Abstract ARMbased intelligent detection of car design and implementationthe key board, top management board, steady voltage plug, electrical machinery urge, not infrared to seek mark, temperature survey, bunches of mouthfuls of munication, LED and buzzer and other expansion interface,etc. circuit of hardware provide the exhaustive design plan respectively. The principle designed according to PCB, antiinterference measure, have designed the printed circuit board (PCB) by oneself.ARMbased robot designed car control system software platform. Start Linux operating system code, kernel, file system transplant S3C2440A to first. Write the corresponding apparatus and interface driver in Linux system, gather procedure group and temperature and test application program such as the procedure after writing main program group of control system, picture.Design, go location plane control software, relevant munication protocol and data transmission form. Expound the fact infrared to seek mark PD deal with, turn into yardstick increment control algorithms, settlement tactics in problems such as the environmental temperature pensation in two value algorithms and temperature of grey level in pattern process are tested,etc.. Test result indicate, under control system this, Intelligent detection of the car have good position follow with the picture gathering the performance of punishing.Keywords:ARM, Intelligent detection, Linux, Seeking the mark, Pattern process, Temperature Compensation, Position to follow 目 錄第一章 緒論 ........................................................................................................................1 引言 ..............................................................................................................................1 選題依據(jù)及研
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