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ut the head protrudes突出 forward beyond the pronotum and is visible from above; ? No lightproducing ans。Cold light, produced by the oxidation of luciferin蟲熒光素 ? 螢火蟲 firefly。 ? 1012 2科 2022/6/2 63 12.螢科 Lampyridae ? Elongate and very softbodied; ? Pronotum extends forward over the head, so that the head is largely or entirely concealed from above。 ? 常見溝叩頭甲 Pleonomus canaliculatus (Fald.)、細胸叩頭甲 Agriotes fusicollis Miwa等。 2022/6/2 61 ? Larvae, cylindrical and elongate, are called “wireworms線蟲 . Many species are root feeders and may be serious pests of cultivated plants. 取食植物根、塊莖、幼苗,及播的種子,對草場、禾谷類、塊根塊莖等危害極大。 ? 成蟲被捉時不斷叩頭,故名叩頭蟲 click beetle。 2022/6/2 60 11.叩頭甲科 Elateridae ? Prothorax and mesothorax loosely joined, enabling adults to arch, click, and flip快速翻轉(zhuǎn) over when they are upside down。 2022/6/2 59 Elateroidea ? 前胸背板后側(cè)角尖銳; ? 前胸腹板突插入中胸腹板凹窩內(nèi),形成叩頭關(guān)節(jié); ? 后胸腹板上無橫溝; ? 第 2節(jié)腹板不愈合。 ? Metasternum后胸腹板 usually with a transverse suture; ? 5 visible abdominal sterna腹板 , the first 2 fused together. 2022/6/2 58 ? Larvae, called “flatheaded borers平頭鉆 owing to their flat, broad thorax, live in bark, wood, roots, and leaves of various plants ,是林木、果樹重要害蟲。 ? 我國 200多種,害蟲 有白星花金龜 Potosia brevitarsis Lewis,小青花金龜 Oxycetonia jucunda (Faldermann)。全世界約 3000種,我國已知近 400種。 2022/6/2 53 ( 2)麗金龜亞科 Rutelinae ? 蟲體常有金屬光澤; ? 后足跗節(jié) 1 對爪大小不等,外爪大、分叉,內(nèi) 爪 短、不分叉; ? 腹部氣門 3 個在側(cè)膜上, 3 個在腹板上。 ? 全世界已記載 9000種,我國已知約 500種,有很多重要害蟲。 2022/6/2 51 ( 1)鰓金龜亞科Melolonthinae ? 后足跗節(jié)一對爪大小相等,均 2 分叉; ? 腹部僅 1 對氣門露出 鞘翅邊緣 。 ? 許多為糞食性或腐食性、尸食性等; ? 其它種類植食性,取食植物葉片、果實、和花等,有些是草場或農(nóng)作物重要害蟲。 2022/6/2 49 9. 金龜科 Scarabaeidae ? 體粗壯,卵圓形或長形,背凸; ? 觸角鰓葉狀,末端 3或 4節(jié)側(cè)向膨大; ? 前足脛節(jié)膨大,變扁,外側(cè)具齒。 ? 鍬甲 stag beetle,全世界1500多種 2022/6/2 47 8.糞金龜科 Geotrupidae ? Stoutbodied, convex凸出 , black or dark brown; ? Elytra pletely cover the abdomen, usually grooved or striate; ? Hind tibia with 2 apical spurs。 ? 幼蟲腐食性,喜食朽木。 2022/6/2 45 Scarabaeoidea ? Antennae lamellate腮葉狀 , the last three segments are expanded into platelike片狀 structure; ? 前足開掘式,脛節(jié)有齒 ,僅 1距; ? 幼蟲 “ C”字形,足發(fā)達,稱為 蠐螬 grubs,通常有篩板 式 氣門;無尾突。 ? 鞘翅蓋住腹部一半以上,末端截型。 ? 毒隱翅蟲屬 Paederus有毒,能引起隱翅蟲皮炎。 ? Hind wings are well developed. ? 多為腐食性 ,少數(shù)捕食性 。常見隱翅甲科和埋葬甲科。 ? Elytra short, a considerable portion of the abdomen is exposed beyond their apices頂端 ; ? 翅脈隱翅甲型, M、 Cu分離。 ? Water scavenger食腐 beetles ? Larvae are aquatic, and very voracious貪吃 and feed on all sorts of aquatic animals可捕食小魚 。 ? Notopleural sutures背側(cè)縫 are lacking; ? Hind wings lack oblongum cell小縱室 . 分為 18總科。 ? 僅 1總科 ― 球甲總科Sphaerioidea, 4科, 50多種,取食藻類。30000多種, The vast majority of carabids步甲 are predacious 2022/6/2 38 3.龍虱科 Dytiscidae ? Body smooth and ovoid卵形 。 2022/6/2 36 2.步甲科 Carabidae ? Head at eyes nearly always narrower than pronotum (cf Cicindelidae虎甲科 ). ? Antennae threadlike線狀 , inserted between mandibles and eyes (cf Cicindelidae). ? Generally black and shiny with striate條紋 elytra, but sometimes metallic or colorful. 2022/6/2 37 ? 步甲 ground beetle。頭在入口處,背鉤防止被獵物拖出 。 2022/6/2 34 虎甲科 Cicindelidae ? Prominent eyes such that head is as wide as or wider than pronotum. ? Pronotum narrower than elytra. ? Antennae filiform and inserted above base of mandibles. ? Often blue or metallic green. ? 虎甲 tiger beetle 2022/6/2 35 ? 幼蟲頭和前胸大,第 5腹節(jié)背面突起上著生 1- 3對倒鉤,無尾突。 2022/6/2 29 6.腹部 Abdomen ? The structure of the first abdominal segment serves to separate the two principal suborders of the Coleoptera. ? in the Adephaga肉食亞目 the hind coxae extend backward a