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【正文】 陳述語氣 ? Active voice 主動(dòng)態(tài) 10 ? I promise to be there. ? I’ll be there. ? I admit I was wrong. ? I was foolish. ? I thank you. ? I’m very grateful. ? I apologize. ? I’m sorry. ? I order you to sit down. ? You must sit down. Illocutionary Act Theory 行事行為 /施為行為理論 ? Speech acts can be analyzed on 3 levels: Level 1 ? A locutionary act 發(fā)話行為 /言內(nèi)行為 : ? the act of saying something in the full sense of “say”. 12 Morning! Level 2 ? An illocutionary act 行事行為 : ? an act performed in saying something. To say something is to do something. 13 14 Morning! ＝ She offered a greeting. Level 3 ? The perlocutionary act 成事行為 /取效行為 ? the act preformed by or as a result of saying, the effects on the hearer. ? By saying x and doing y, I did z(the words and actions will have different effects on the hearer). Level 3 16 A show of friendship An instance of hypocrisy OR ? The effect of the speaker’s words may be not what the speaker originally intended, but it is still a perlucutionary act performed by him or her. ? Illocutionary act is related to the speaker’ s intention and perlocutionary act is not. 17 Briefly Locutionary act The physical action of uttering the sentence 發(fā)話行為 Illocutionary act The intention of the speaker 行事行為 Perlocutionary act The effects of the sentence on the hearer 取效 /成事行為 18 Exercise ? Can you recognize the locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary act performed by the following utterance ??
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