競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)ppt課件-文庫(kù)吧資料
2025-05-08 06:53本頁(yè)面
【正文】 tRun Supply Curve 短期供給曲線 – The portion of its marginal cost curve that lies above average variable cost. 邊際成本曲線位于平均可變成本之上的部分 ? LongRun Supply Curve 長(zhǎng)期供給曲線 – The marginal cost curve above the minimum point of its average total cost curve. – 邊際成本曲線位于其平均總成本曲線的最低點(diǎn)之上 169。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern THE SUPPLY CURVE IN A COMPETITIVE MARKET 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)中的供給曲線 ? The petitive firm’s longrun supply curve is the portion of its marginalcost curve that lies above average total cost. ? 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性企業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期供給曲線是位于平均總成本曲線之上的邊際成本曲線。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern Figure 5 Profit as the Area between Price and Average Total Cost 圖 5： 價(jià)格與平均總成本之間的面積是利潤(rùn) (a) A Firm with Profits 有利潤(rùn)的企業(yè) Quantity 0 Price P = AR = MR ATC MC P ATC Q (profitmaximizing quantity) 利潤(rùn)最大化數(shù)量 Profit 169。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern Figure 4 The Competitive Firm’s LongRun Supply Curve 圖 4：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性市場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)期供給曲線 MC = longrun S Firm exits if P ATC Quantity ATC 0 Costs Firm ’ s longrun supply curve Firm enters if P ATC 169。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern The Firm’s LongRun Decision to Exit or Enter a Market 企業(yè)退出或者進(jìn)入一個(gè)市場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)期決策 ? A firm will enter the industry if such an action would be profitable. ? 如果此類(lèi)行為有利可圖的話，企業(yè)將進(jìn)入該行業(yè)。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern The Firm’s LongRun Decision to Exit or Enter a Market 企業(yè)退出或者進(jìn)入一個(gè)市場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)期決策 ? In the long run, the firm exits if the revenue it would get from producing is less than its total cost. ? 在長(zhǎng)期中，如果企業(yè)從生產(chǎn)中獲得的收益小于其總成本的話，它就退出。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern The Firm’s ShortRun Decision to Shut Down 企業(yè)關(guān)閉的短期決策 ? The portion of the marginalcost curve that lies above average variable cost is the petitive firm’s shortrun supply curve. ? 邊際成本曲線位于平均可變成本以上的部分是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性企業(yè)的短期供給曲線。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern Spilt Milk and Other Sunk Costs ? The firm considers its sunk costs when deciding to exit, but ignores them when deciding whether to shut down. ? 在決定退出時(shí)企業(yè)考慮其沉淀成本，但是在決定是否暫時(shí)關(guān)閉時(shí)可忽略沉淀成本。 ? Shut down if TR VC ? Shut down if TR/Q VC/Q ? Shut down if P AVC 169。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern The Firm’s ShortRun Decision to Shut Down 企業(yè)關(guān)閉的短期決策 ? A shutdown refers to a shortrun decision not to produce anything during a specific period of time because of current market conditions. ? 暫時(shí)關(guān)閉是指在某一特定時(shí)期內(nèi)因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)的市場(chǎng)條件而決定不生產(chǎn)任何東西的短期決策 ? Exit refers to a longrun decision to leave the market. ? 退出是指離開(kāi)市場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)期決策 169。 2022 Thomson SouthWestern Figure 1 Profit Maximization for a Competitive Firm 圖 1：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性企業(yè)的利潤(rùn)最大化 Quantity 0 Costs and Revenue MC ATC AVC MC 1 Q 1 MC 2 Q 2 The firm maximizes profit by producing the quantity at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue. Q MAX P = MR 1 = MR 2 P = AR = MR If the firm produces Q1, marginal cost is MC1. If the firm produces Q2, marginal cost
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