【正文】 stion. “Why did she live to be 107?” Answers were provided by a survey conducted among 148 Viennese men and women who had reached the age of 100. What was surprising was that the majority had lived most of their lives in cities. Although cities are often regarded as unhealthy places, city living provides benefits that country living may lack. One factor seems to be important to the longevity(長壽 ) of those interviewed. This factor is exercise. In the cities it is often faster to walk short distances than to wait for a bus. Even taking public transportation often requires some walking. Smaller apartment houses have no elevators, and so people must climb stairs. City people can usually walk to local supermarkets. Since parking spaces are hard to find, there is often no choice but to walk. On the other hand, those who live in the country and suburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact, the opposite is often true. To go to school, work, or almost anywhere else, they must ride in cars. 1. The Vienna survey may help to explain __________. A. the plaints of people in apartment houses B. the causes of Mrs. Groeger’s death C. the longevity of people like Mrs. Groeger D. the image of cities in general 2. The second paragraph lists some ___________. A. disadvantage of walking B. occasions for walking in city life C. problems of city living D. ments made by city people 3. To reach the third floor of a building, it would probably be most healthful ___________. A. to take the elevator B. to walk up the stairs C. to ride in a car D. to find an alternative walking 4. People who live in the country usually do more driving than walking because ___________. A. they don’t live near business areas B. they don’t need exercise C. they don’t like walking D. they can’t afford to take the bus 5. We can draw a conclusion from this passage that _________. A. air pollution is not serious B. anyone can live to be 107 C. country people should move to cities D. walking is a healthful exercise Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. The Bedouin people, a tribe living in the deserts of Arabia and Northern African, think most highly of people who show loyalty. To them loyalty does not mean that one is devoted to a country, a place, or a leader. Loyalty means being faithful to one’s family and tribe. The Bedouin people are proud of their ancestors(祖先 ). They do not admire a hero from an ordinary or poor family as much as one who es from an honored family. They especially respect those who have inherited(繼承 ) a good family name and then have passed it on to their children. A man’s position among his people depends upon his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disagreed, he, too, is disgraced. Therefore, one carefully guards the honor of his family and his tribe. A man can protect his family’s honors by being brave and generous and by giving protection to those who ask for it. He also guards it by carefully watching the women of his family. A Bedouin woman cannot bring honor to her family, but she can bring disgrace. Even if a woman only looks as if she has done something wrong, she may be killed. The honor of her family depends upon her virtue(美德 ). 6. The best title for this passage can be __________. A. Life of the Bedouin People B. Women’s Position in the Bedouin Family C. Bedouin People’s Idea of Loyalty and Honor D. How to Guard Honors 7. The Bedouin people think most highly of one who is ______. A. devoted to his country and his leader B. from an ordinary family C. proud of his ancestor and relatives D. faithful to his family and tribe 8. It is learned from the passage that ___________. A. a hero from an honored family is more admired B. one can not live in the tribe without a good family name C. all the Bedouin people are kind, brave and generous D. family traditions can never be passed to children 9. The word “disgraced” (Para. 3) means “ __________”. A. disappeared B. disappointed C. dishonored D. discouraged 10. It is implied in the passage that the Bedouin women are __________. A. treated as the equals of men B. respected for what they do C. not interested in position D. not respected as much as men Passage Three Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Up until about 100 years ago, newspaper in the United States attracted only the most serious readers. They used no illustrations (插圖 ) and the articles were about politics or business. Two men changed thatJoseph Pulitzer of the New York World and William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal. Pulitzer bought the New York World in 1883. He changed it from a traditional newspaper into a very exciting one overnight. He added lots of illustrations and he told his reporters to write articles on every crime they could find. And they did. One woman reporter even pretended she was mad and was sent to a hospital. She then wrote many articles about the poor treatment of patients in those hospitals where madmen were kept. In 1895, Hearst came to New York from California. He wanted the Journal to be more exciting than the World. He also wanted it to be cheaper, so he lowered the price by a penny. Hearst attracted attention because his newspa