【正文】 get any sleep these days.any也常用于條件分句以及帶有否定含義的句子中：I forgot to ask for any change. 我忘了要一些零錢。（3）some, any要表示一些的意思，可用some,any。little 的比較級和最高級是less 和least，通常只能用與不可數(shù)名詞搭配，但在當(dāng)代英語中也有用less與復(fù)數(shù)搭配的。few / little 若不與a 連用則表示－否－定－意義，相當(dāng)于not many / much,not enough。a few,a little表示少量，帶有肯定意義。Many people would like to take holidays abroad. 許多人喜歡去國外度假。He took so many boxes with him that he had to call a taxi. 他身邊帶著太多的箱子，不得不叫計程車。ll be many people at the show on this rainy day. 我懷疑在這個雨天里會有很多人看表演。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞many / much常用于否定句和疑問句并不是絕對的，尤其是在下列場合many / much也常用于肯定句：a) 用于whether / if引導(dǎo)的賓語分句中。many修飾可數(shù)名詞I haven39。I haven39。（2）三類限定詞搭配關(guān)系 書p65~66 限定詞的用法比較（1）many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of表示多的意思，可用many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。 several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of。 next, last, other, another, etc.。后位限定詞包括：one, two, three, etc.。 onethird, twofifths, etc.。中位限定詞包括：冠詞：a(n),the ；指示代詞：this, that, these, those ；形容詞性物主代詞：my, your, his, her, our, etc. ；名詞屬格：Jim’s, my mother’s ；不定代詞：some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, etc. ；連接代詞what(ever),which(ever),whose, etc.前位限定詞包括：all, both, half。 限定詞與三類名詞搭配關(guān)系書p60~62 限定詞與限定詞的搭配關(guān)系（1）三類限定詞按照限定詞與限定詞的相互搭配關(guān)系，限定詞可分為前位限定詞 (predeterminer）、中位限定詞（central determiner）和后位限定詞（postdeterminer）。s, my friend39。, use of mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs : a friend of mine (NOT a friend of me) that car of yours (NOT that car of you) To talk about the person who sang, wrote, or painted a particular work, use by , not of : a song by Mariah Carey (NOT of Mariah Carey)171。this’ or 39。a criticism of the students’ (學(xué)生們的批評)a criticism of the students (對學(xué)生們的批評)an opinion of my brother’s (我哥哥的看法)an opinion of my brother ((別人)對我哥哥的看法)w of詞組(a) To refer to someone or something that belongs to or is connected with someone, it is usual to use –39。of 詞組表示本人的。He is a friend of my father’s. (我爸爸的一個朋友)He is a friend of my father. (對我爸爸友好/夠朋友)He is my father’s friend. (唯一的一個或剛談及的那一個)(b) 有些情況下, of 詞組與雙重屬格的意義大相徑庭。that/ those 往往帶有否定和輕蔑含義。如： Some friends of my brother’s have arrived. Have you read any plays of Shakespeare’s? It was no fault of ours that we took the wrong way. 卻不可以說: the poem of Shelly’s 也不可以說: the friend of the doctor’s 更不可以說: the friend of a doctor’s ★ 但是可以說: the friend of the doctor(c) Exceptions to the rule are the cases where the first noun is premodified by a demonstrative or postmodified by a relative clause.在表達(dá)帶有感情色彩的意義時, 可以用指示限定詞。 * the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island’s heir * the man with the dog’s food(b) 當(dāng) of 詞組中的介詞賓語是以“定冠詞 + 分詞 / 形容詞” 表示的一類人的結(jié)構(gòu)時:the resistance of the oppressed*…the oppressed’s resistance the experience of the old *…the old’s experience In preliberation days, the rulers paid little attention to the welfare of the poor.*…the poor’s welfare(c) 當(dāng) of 詞組用在某些同位結(jié)構(gòu)中時: the City of Rome * Rome’s City at the age of twenty * at the 20’s age 獨立屬格和雙重屬格（1）獨立屬格 A genitive noun can sometimes be used independently, that is, without a following noun. This use of the genitive may be termed as the independent genitive. Independent genitive is used: 1）名詞中心詞已在上下文中出現(xiàn)過.: My car is faster than John’s. Her memory is like an elephant’s. The child’s hatred for the enemy is as deep as his father’s.這種用法相當(dāng)于名詞性物主代詞作主語的用法.: Hers is the prettiest dress. Ours is a great socialist country.2）被省略的名詞中心詞表示某人的家或住宅.: Shall we meet at his brother’s? I’m going to stay at Johnson’s. See you at Harry’s tomorrow.3）被省略的名詞中心詞表示教堂、學(xué)校等公共場所St. Paul’s (Cathedral) (圣保羅大教堂, 位于倫敦)St. James’s (Palace) (圣詹姆斯宮, 是英國君主的正式王宮)Guy’s (Hospital) (英國倫敦蓋氏醫(yī)院)Queen’s (College) (英國女王學(xué)院)4）被省略的名詞中心詞表示店鋪、公司等at the butcher’s / tailor’s / grocer’s / barber’s / fruiterer’s / greengrocer’s / photographer’s / baker’s / hairdresser’s dentist’s / druggist’s / stationer’s (文具店)（2）雙重屬格An independent genitive can sometimes be used as prepositional plementation. The prepositional phrase (usu. an ofphrase) that takes an independent genitive as plementation is called a “double genitive”..: a poem of Shelley’s a painting of my roommate’s a patient of the doctor’s在雙重屬格結(jié)構(gòu)中, 用作介詞補足成分的屬格名詞，必須是確定特指的，而且一般指人！ *a patient of a doctor’s *an engine of the plane’s (a)后置屬格必須指確定的對象(如專有名詞),而且必須指人。.: the world’s economic organization the hotel’s entrance the church’s mission※ m. 飛機、火車、汽車等名詞。*for friendship’s sake (為了友情), for mercy’s sake (為了仁慈的緣故), for safety’s sake (為了安全起見), for caution’s sake (為慎重起見), for acquaintance’s sake (看在熟人的面上), for convenience’s sake (為方便起見), forappearance’s sake (為了裝門面), for conscience’s sake (為求良心的安寧), etc.※ k. 與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系或擬人化的名詞。 For God’s sake, hold your tongue and let me love.s way so the children can39。(P55)Others idioms: You had better keep him at an arm’s length. 你最好不要跟他親近。.: I’m going to the barber’s. (barber shop) We visited St. Paul’s. (St. Paul Cathedral)i. 一個名詞屬格所修飾的詞,如果前面已經(jīng)提到,就往往可以省略,避免重復(fù)。.: the earth’s surface the moon’s light the sun’s heat Jupiter’s (木星) orbitg. 用于表示工業(yè)、科技等名稱的名詞后。.: a dollar’s/ shilling’s worth of stamp a ton’s weighte. 用于表示地理、國家、城市、地域等名稱的名詞后。.: today’s newspaper two days’ leave a month’s holiday a moment’s thought one minute’s talk a day or two’s delayc. 用于表示距離的名詞之后。 a. 用于由人組成的集體名詞后。.: the girl’s skirt Elizabeth’s hair men’s room teachers’ office(2) 名詞 s 屬格也用于表示除人外的高等動物的名詞后。（2）結(jié)構(gòu)二: of +名詞1）表示無生命東西的名詞所有關(guān)系時，用 of +名詞 the legs of th