【正文】 t the sun itself was rotating and that the time it took to make one plete turn was about twentyfive to twentyseven days. Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his drawings in the years that immediately followed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticed that sunspots were being fewer and smaller. But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of longterm cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of the most patient observers in the history of science, a German chemist, Charles Schwabe.但是，伽利略繼續(xù)進行觀測，不久，他的努力獲得了另一發(fā)現(xiàn)。他猶豫不決，不敢把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)公布于世。(3)About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to make his discovery known. Meanwhile other scientists noticed the same lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.大約在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了臺望遠鏡，并用它來觀察太陽。但是，如果我們允許高速摩托車與重型內(nèi)燃機卡車經(jīng)常不斷地通過住宅區(qū)與商業(yè)區(qū)，那么這些地區(qū)的全體居民就必須決定他們需要實行的控制措施，因為從長遠的觀點來看，他們必須為些付出代價。其次的補救辦法是將混音在它到達耳朵的過程中吸收掉?？墒牵隳苡猛瑯拥姆椒▉泶_定超量的噪音嗎?你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，被認為噪音相同的車輛，在任何現(xiàn)有的簡單“噪音計”上顯示的讀數(shù)可能大不相同。Technical difficulties often arise from the subjectiveobjective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motorcar in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple “noisemeter”, vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.技術(shù)往往是由于問題的主客觀性質(zhì)引起的。它已取得了政治地位，公眾輿論也越來越堅持要求采取一定措施來對付噪音。 it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something must be done about it.隨著更多的人住得更近，隨著他們使用各種機器而獲得閑暇，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的空暇，甚至他們的工作時間都受到他們機器的一個副產(chǎn)品——即噪音——的嚴重影響。England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, different government departments.英格蘭和威爾士以及蘇格蘭兩者各有不同的法律制度，不同的法院系統(tǒng)，不同的教育制度，不同的地方政府制度，并且設(shè)有不同的政府部門來處理大部分的內(nèi)部事務。The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London —with an elected chamber prising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (選舉區(qū)) —therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and lawmaking, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas.在倫敦威斯敏斯特的聯(lián)合王國國會——它有一個選舉出來的、由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭各地選區(qū)所產(chǎn)生的議員組成的議院——因此代表具有十分不同的背景和傳統(tǒng)的人民。一九二二年，南愛爾蘭(現(xiàn)在的愛爾蘭共和國)成為一個自主的國家。愛爾蘭與英格蘭王國自十三世紀起已有聯(lián)系。一六〇三年，英格蘭與蘇格蘭的王位合而為一。The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位) of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was pleted by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a selfgoverning country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom.聯(lián)合王國的起源和傳統(tǒng)可從組成它的四個部分——英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭——的各個部分找到。5. The socialist modernization of our country is an important task that we must strive to fulfill.Section VII EnglishChinese TranslationChoose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points)(1)The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政體的) State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.聯(lián)合王國是一個君主政體的國家。4. Many people think that electricity is a fuel。2. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.3. 他們一直談到入睡。Section VI: ChineseEnglish Translation (10 points)1. 這門課我們越學越喜歡。人類已經(jīng)到過月球。過去的困難之一在于代價太高。問題是它將被大量用于和平的目的呢，還是用途致使的武器。低溫學的過冷作用將液態(tài)氦及某些氣體變成“超流體”，將某些金屬變成“超導體”，使它們沒有電阻，從而可以在好些方面改變世界面貌。要解決能源問題，科學家們也許會高潮更多地利用太陽能。這種方法的一個新發(fā)展，可能在將來證明極為有用，即是以這些焚火爐來產(chǎn)生蒸汽動力。世界將面對著的另一問題是處理廢物。到2000年世界人口預期將達到70億，但是科學家們已經(jīng)培育出各種小麥、稻谷和牲畜的優(yōu)良品種。(2)Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The world’s population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists have produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical pounds and water only, and then there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse (廢料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化爐). A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very wele, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.從現(xiàn)在到本世紀末，將有許多令人興奮的發(fā)展，同樣也有許多困難的問題，需要加以處理。Actua