【正文】 ly be reduced if people everywhere really address the situation and make a continuing and intensive effort to reduce the quantity of pollutant emissions into the air. Talking about it is not enough. Positive action will have to be taken. In my opinion, what really counts is not failure itself, but what we think of the failure and what we do after the failure. So long as we don’t give up, and believe in ourselves, and in the meantime learn something. From failure, we will certainly make our marks in the end. So I am never afraid of failure, for I believe that failure is not a bad thing, “failure is the mother of success.” Let’s take immediate actions to do …n Let’s spare no efforts to do …n Let’s spare no efforts to protect our environment from being further damaged and save our planet. 常用句型n Don’t you agree with my idea/opinion that …?提倡議號(hào)召（喊口號(hào)）法n Don’t you think it is high/about time that we did sth.?n Don’t you think it is necessary for us to …?n Don’t you agree with my idea that a test of oral English should be included in CET4 and 6?常用句型n反問(wèn)結(jié)尾法n True friendship cannot be bought with money. The proverb “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is really true. 引言結(jié)論法n Having taken all the factors into consideration, we can see that doing something. does more good than harm to somebody. 發(fā)表個(gè)人看法，總結(jié)全文n To sum up, the advantages of …far outnumber/ outweigh the disadvantages. n All things considered In alln To concluden In conclusionn常用句型表達(dá)n n 引言段 When evaluating a jobn 引言結(jié)論法n 發(fā)表個(gè)人看法，總結(jié)全文n 重申主題句法n 3. 表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)，闡述立場(chǎng)。n 2. 突出主要論點(diǎn)，重申強(qiáng)化主題（中心）。n 1. 歸納總結(jié)概括全文，得出結(jié)論。 其實(shí)，文章結(jié)尾的好壞也在很大程度上影響文章的global impression.文章結(jié)尾的作用n 我們的考生四級(jí)考試時(shí)所寫(xiě)的文章往往由于時(shí)間緊張而“虎頭，蛇尾”。一篇優(yōu)秀的文章其結(jié)構(gòu)和氣勢(shì)應(yīng)為：“虎頭，牛身，豹尾。文章結(jié)尾的寫(xiě)法文章的結(jié)尾n What do you usually do in your spare time? What is your favorite hobby? Let me tell you something about my hobby. I like to collect stamps in my free time. Stamp collecting is my favorite hobby. n Should college students keep parttime jobs while they are in school? This is a very controversial topic and it brings about many heated discussions. Nowadays, a large number of students have bee concerned about …分析下列開(kāi)頭段落的寫(xiě)法n Recently, the issue of … has bee There is an old English saying which goes “No pains, no gains.” It illustrates the importance of hard work in the process of success. In other words, diligence is a key factor to success.話(huà)題式/現(xiàn)象法n 引用的諺語(yǔ)或名言+意義+主題（中心思想）n “Of all treasures”, says an ancient saint, “knowledge is the most precious, for it can neither be stolen, given away, nor consumed,” From that, we can see the great importance of education. 引用名人名言或諺語(yǔ)，俗語(yǔ)等，這些語(yǔ)句常具有權(quán)威性或?yàn)榇蠹宜J(rèn)，引用在文章中有一定的說(shuō)服力。 Some students take the position that it is beneficial for a college student to do a temporary job. They have the following reasons…. On the contrary, there are still others who disapprove of students’ taking parttime jobs. They have their own reasons against it. 2. 引用名言諺語(yǔ)法nHave you ever taken a parttime job? What are the advantages of college students’ doing parttime jobs? As to this questions, different students may hold totally different ideas. 問(wèn)題+答案（過(guò)渡句+提供答案的進(jìn)一步論述）+中心思想句常用句型， 常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)法n 這種開(kāi)頭段的構(gòu)成方法如下：n What is essential for happiness? Our world is a big world, plex and full of many diverse people. So different people may have different opinions. In my opinion, happiness lies in the service that you give other people. 此種開(kāi)頭段的構(gòu)成n 以提問(wèn)開(kāi)頭，激發(fā)讀者興趣，可自問(wèn)自答，自然而然地引出下文。 話(huà)題式/現(xiàn)象法1. 提問(wèn)式n 提問(wèn)式n 要能順利地引出下文，和下文（文章中間部分——正文）的內(nèi)容相聯(lián)系，引發(fā)讀者興趣，使人想讀下去。n take weightreducing drugs. 10)But the most effective and healthy way to lose weight is to take proper exercises.n 1)Nowadays, many people are very much worried about being overweight. 2)And people, the young and women in particular, are trying various ways to lose weight. 3）4 sentencesLosing Weightn 1）2 sentencesn 3）減肥的有效方法。 2）人們熱衷于減肥的原因。 1）減肥已成為時(shí)尚。 結(jié)論段四句或三句話(huà)：主題句+擴(kuò)（推）展句+結(jié)論句Example n 引言段三句或四句話(huà)：開(kāi)頭句+主題句（中心思想句+承上啟下的組織句）n文章的結(jié)構(gòu)十二句作文法n又稱(chēng)：三段論。 一個(gè)完整的段落包括三部分：主題句， 推展句和結(jié)論句。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)n這樣全篇在十二句左右，每一句十多個(gè)詞，就又120150個(gè)字。　　我們知道，四級(jí)作文都是三段式?！　∷?保證作文符合字?jǐn)?shù)要求的十二句作文法　　考生一般都希望作文達(dá)到字?jǐn)?shù)而又不至于寫(xiě)得太多，因?yàn)閷?xiě)得太多一方面暴露自己語(yǔ)言上的弱點(diǎn)，另一方面又會(huì)占用過(guò)多的時(shí)間。作文是主觀題，想得告分就必須引起老師的主意，老師的時(shí)間很短（每篇作文只有一兩分鐘就要閱完），所以我們?cè)诹姓{(diào)試最好不用: To be with,... after that , then