【正文】 e that socialization with other children plays a critical role in any child’s understanding and psychological development of self.2. As children progress to the social world of the playground and other afterschool venues, their earlier recognition that they relate more closely to some people than to others evolves into a desire to form welldefined social groups, and to set these groups apart from others.3. However, as young adults take on the responsibilities of partnering, parenting, and working, they appear to define themselves less by their social affiliations and more by their marital status, parental status, and occupation. 120. So much is new and plex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present. 如果我們要定位自己最重要是要定位自己所處的社會(huì)團(tuán)體。 1. The claim that individual responsibility is a necessary fictions has some merit in that a society where individuals are not held accountable for their actions and choices is a lawless one, devoid of any order whatsoever.2. A correlative argument for individual responsibility involves the fact that lawless, or anarchist, states give way to despotic rule by strong individuals who seize power.3. As for the speaker’s second claim, it flies in the face of our everyday experiences in making choices and decisions. 個(gè)人責(zé)任的概念是一種很必要的虛構(gòu)。 is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people39。 Generally speaking, leaders are the results of a bination of internal qualities and external conditions.1. The demands place upon a person could challenge him or her to bee a leader.2. However, the statement seems to suggest that anybody can bee a leader if demands are placed on him or her, which is unwarranted.3. Besides opportunities, one also need to have certain qualities to make a leader.時(shí)勢造英雄 93. The concept of 39。 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者主要是由身負(fù)的責(zé)任所造就的。 現(xiàn)在的人們太個(gè)人主義了。 To be more exact, great thinkers and artists are generally out of step with their time and society.1. Many great artists remained obscure all their lives.2. There are countless examples of original thinkers who were either ignored or misunderstood by their time and their society.3. However, there are cases of greater thinkers or artists who were recognized and rocketed to instant fame in their own time and their own society.另類天才 真正深刻的思想家和充滿創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家總是超前于他們所在的時(shí)代和社會(huì)的。 therefore, they need a period of time for adaptation.新手和老手 72. One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities. 在任何領(lǐng)域中商業(yè)、政治、教育、政府掌權(quán)者應(yīng)該在五年后就讓位。 People in different cultural environments would respond differently to this statement.1. On the one hand, western cultures tend to focus on differences among ideas, individuals and groups.2. The danger of traditional societies, on the other hand, is to ignore differences forcing individuals and groups to conform to one authority.3. A healthy attitude is to be sensitive to both differences and similarities.統(tǒng)一和差異 The fact that only a few people deserve highprofile awards is insufficient evidence to suggest that such awards are damaging to society.1. Undoubtedly, highprofile awards suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.2. What is significant is that highprofile awards point out the right directions in which all individuals in particular fields should make efforts.3. To make sure that highprofile awards serve the right purpose of society, it is imperative that the rules of the awards be fair and strictly adhered to.少數(shù)和多數(shù)，精英和大眾 65. People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups. 最高榮譽(yù)比如諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)實(shí)際上是在損害社會(huì)，因?yàn)檫@種獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)在暗示只有少數(shù)人才配得上這樣的榮譽(yù)。 While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feelings, on balance I agree that it is by way of our heads rather than our hearts that we can best ensure the wellbeing of our society.1. I concede that undue emphasis on cultivating the intellect at the expense of healthy emotions can harm and individual psychologically.2. In many other respects, however, emphasizing emotions and deemphasizing intellect can carry negative, even dangerous, consequences for any society.3. The dangers of a deemphasis on intellect are all too evident in contemporary America.獨(dú)立題目 58. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. 47. Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellectthat is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills. 1. Admittedly, these nonmainstream areas of inquiry address certain human needs, which mainstream science and other areas of intellectual inquiry inherently cannot.2. However, because these pursuits are not rooted in reason, they are favorite pastimes of charlatans and others who seek to prey on dupes.3. Furthermore, without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy of these avenues of inquiry, participants bee vulnerable to selfdeception, false hopes, fantastic ideas and even delusions.少數(shù)和多數(shù)之非主流學(xué)科 46. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a welldeveloped sense of petition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation. 研究界的一些非主流領(lǐng)域，比如星象學(xué)、占卜術(shù)和意念及超自然探索，在社會(huì)中起到了很重要的作用，因?yàn)樗鼈儩M足了人們無法從主流科學(xué)獲得的需求。 Agree:1. Who is to decide which areas of academic inquiry are worthwhile? Scholars cannot be left to decide。更重要的是關(guān)注他們?nèi)绾巫非髮?shí)現(xiàn)自己的興趣，無論那些興趣顯得是多么的非同尋常。 1. We do not require a rearview mirror to recognize artistic