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【正文】 flation and Unemployment. 社會(huì)面臨通貨膨脹與失業(yè)之間的短期權(quán)衡取舍 How The Economy As A Whole Works? ?Although some economists still question these ideas, most accept that society faces a shortrun tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. ?This shortrun tradeoff plays a key role in the analysis of the business cyclefluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production. 經(jīng)濟(jì)周期指就業(yè)和生產(chǎn)等經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的波動(dòng)。 School of Business ? Firms decide whom to hire and what to make. 企業(yè) 決定雇傭誰和生產(chǎn)什么 ? Households decide which firms to work for and what to buy with their ines. 家庭決定為那家企業(yè)工作，用自己的收入購買什么 ? Prices are the instrument with which the invisible hand directs economic “看不見的手”用來指引經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的工具 School of Business Principle 7: Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outes. 政府 有時(shí)可以改善市場(chǎng)結(jié)果 ? One reason we need government is that the invisible hand can work its magic only if the government enforces the rules and maintains the institutions that are key to a market 并維持對(duì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要的制度時(shí)，看不見的手才能施展其魔力。 ? 如果該架飛機(jī)起飛時(shí)仍有 10個(gè)空位， ? 在登機(jī)口等退票的乘客愿意支付 300美元買一張票，航空公司該把票賣給他嗎？ As long as the standby passenger pays more than the marginal cost , selling him a ticket is profitable. 只要等退票的乘客所支付的錢大于邊際成本，賣給他機(jī)票就是有利可圖的 School of Business Principle 4: People Respond to Incentives. 人們會(huì)對(duì)激勵(lì)做出反應(yīng) ? An incentive is something that induces a person to act.( a punishment or a reward) 激勵(lì) 是引起一個(gè)人做出某種行為的某種東西 ? Incentives change costs and benefits ? Incentives cause people to alter their behavior 激勵(lì)使人們改變他們的行動(dòng) ? Consider the direct and indirect effects that work through incentives. 考慮激勵(lì)產(chǎn)生的直接和間接的激勵(lì) How People Make Decisions? School of Business Ten Principles of Economics How People Interact with one another? School of Business Principle 5: Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off. 貿(mào)易 可以使每個(gè)人的狀況都變得更好 ? Trade allows each person to specialize in the activities he or she does best. 貿(mào)易使每個(gè)人可以專門從事自己擅長的活動(dòng) ? By trading with others, people can buy a greater variety of goods and services at lower cost. 通過貿(mào)易，可以以較低的價(jià)格買到更加豐富的商品和勞務(wù) How People Interact with one another ? School of Business Principle 6: Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity. 市場(chǎng) 通常是組織經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的一種好方法 ? Market economy :an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services 當(dāng)許多企業(yè)和家庭在物品和勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)上相互交易時(shí)，通過他們的分散決策配置資源的經(jīng)濟(jì) How People Interact with one another ? School of Business ? In his 1776 book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,（國民財(cái)富的性質(zhì)和原因的研究 ）economist Adam Smith made the most famous observation in all of economics:亞當(dāng) School of Business ? Scarcity means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. 社會(huì)擁有的資源是有限的，因此不能生產(chǎn)人們希望擁有的所有物品和勞務(wù) ? Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究社會(huì)如何管理自己的稀缺資源 Economics. . . School of Business Ten Principles o
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