【正文】 wth and development ； their disease prevention。 and treatment. Development、 Prevention、 Clinic pediatrics Perinatology(圍生醫(yī)學(xué) ) 、 Neonatology(新生兒學(xué) )、 Adolescent medicine(青春期醫(yī)學(xué) ) Principles: protect children’s health, improve the life quality ? Three differences: individual, age and sex ? Good recovery ability ? Weak self protection ? Pediatrics is not the miniature of internal medicine ? Different development regulations in different ages ? Different normal data about physiology and biochemistry in different ages ? Immune system is not as perfect as adult’s ? Bigger water and nutrition requirement ? Different pathological changes between adult and children ? Single child policy (China) Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis Infective Diseases Children Severe Can’t be limited multisystem involvement Neonate Not specific Losing definite location ? Dose being connected with different ages ? Treating the primary and the plications ? Nursing and supporting ? Changing quickly ? Good capacity of restore ? Less sequelae(后遺癥 ) than that of adult except nervous system ? Emphasize guarding of younger, weakness and critically ill ? Monitoring of perinatal period ? Planned immunization ? Four of the most ordinary disease( malnutrition, anemia, diarrhea and pneumonia) ? Preventing the adult disease( obesity, hypertension, diabetes or coronary heart disease) ? GOBI Growth, Oral rehydration, Breastfeeding, Immunization ? IMCI (integrated management of childhood illness) Pneumonia(19%) Diarrhea(18%) Malaria(8%) Measles(4%) HIV/AIDS(3%) Neonatal diseases(37%): preterm, asphyxia, infection ? Infectious diseases ? Mental problems in children ? Prevention of adult diseases in children ? Accidental injury in children ? Environmental pollution ? Adolescent medicine and other subjects’ immersion into the Pediatrics ? Geic diagnosis and prevention of children’s diseases ? Fetal period From fertilization to the birth of the baby Stages of Development (Second) ? Newborn period From umbilical cord ligation to 28th day (Early newborn period is younger than 7 days) ?Bad ability of adjusting and adapting ?High morbidity and mortality ?Importance of health protection, nursing and planned immunization ?Perinatal period :from 28 weeks of pregnancy to 7th day after birth ?Perinatal mortality(死亡率 ) is an important guide line of judging developing degree of one country. ? Mouth ? Skin ? Apgar score ? Mother/infant binding(rooming in) ? Rule out congenital geic and metabolic diseases ? Function analysis ? Immunization should be postponed if the child has an acute febrile illness. ? Premature babies can be immunized following the remended schedule according to chronological age,. immunization should not be postponed. ? Being treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for malignant disease ? On immunosuppressive treatment after an or bone marrow transplant. ? On highdose systemic steroids. ? With impaired cellmediated immunity, . severe bined immunodeficiency syndrome or Di Gee syndrome. Stages of Development (Third) ? Infancy period After delivery to 1 year old ? Rapidest period of growth ? Larger requirement of nutrition and energy Too much: obesity, diarrhea Deficiency: anemia, malnutrition ? Breast milk ? Planned immunization ? Susceptive to the infectious disease in the latter 6 months ? Physical examination: age 6 months: every month age 6 months: every 23 months Stages of Development (Fourth) ? Toddler’s age From 1 year to 3 years ? Faster intelligence development