【正文】 a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries.［誤］The picture looks better at the distance.［正］The picture looks better at a distance.［析］at a distance意為“離開一定距離”。［誤］Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.［正］Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.［析］country既作國家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。如：by car (坐小汽車)by taxi (坐出租車)by bike (騎自行車)by water (乘船)by air (乘飛機)by sea (乘船)［誤］Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.［正］Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.［析］在樂器前要加定冠詞，而在球類游戲之前則不要加冠詞，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. (他們空閑時愛打橋牌)［誤］The little boy wanted to go to cinema.［正］The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.［析］英語中雖有一些名詞與go to連用時不加定冠詞，以表示該名詞的內(nèi)涵，如：go to school (上學(xué))，go to bed(睡覺)等，但去看電影則例外，要用go to the 。這句話應(yīng)譯為：他的工資是按小時計算的。這時的定冠詞千萬不要換作his, her, their, 等詞。［誤］The police caught the thief by his arm.［正］The police caught the thief by the arm.［析］這是英文表達法與中文的明顯不同之處，也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。)而：He went to the hospital to see his 。［誤］I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.［正］I like to climb the mountain in autumn.［析］一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.［誤］Sometimes my parents e to school to see me.［正］Sometimes my parents e to the school to see me.［析］有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時不加冠詞，如：go to school上學(xué)，leave school(輟學(xué))，after school(放學(xué))，但如果當建筑物講時應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。［誤］Rich are not always happy.［正］The rich are not always happy.［析］在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.［誤］I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.［正］I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.［析］物質(zhì)名詞特指時也應(yīng)加定冠詞。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。［誤］Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.［正］The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.［析］在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River(黃河)。［誤］There are nine planets around a sun.［正］There are nine planets around the sun.［析］世上獨一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.［誤］I live on a second floor of this building.［正］I live on the second floor of this building.［析］在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。m in a hurry.”［析］不定冠詞的主要用法如下：1. 用來表示一類人或事物，如：She is a teacher.2. 指某一類人或事物中的一個，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.4. 相當于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.5. 其主要的難點是用在固定詞組中：如：have a walk/a rest /a look又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙make a face 作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙a number of =many又如：have a good time (玩得好)have a cold (感冒)have a headache (頭痛)have a break=have a rest［誤］I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.［正］I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.［析］在文章中第一次提到某物時用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時用定冠詞。［誤］“Can you help me” “Sorry, I39。要注意的還有hour因其第一個字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。university的第一個音素是［j］，所以用a而不要用an。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。二、 冠 詞(一) 知識概要冠詞在英語中只有3個詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an，定冠詞the。s C our D Kike and John39。s＿＿＿.A my B Kike39。 16 There are three＿＿＿and seven＿＿＿in the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps［答案］C.［析］deer與sheep均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。s Day D children39。s day B children39。d like two＿＿＿.”A glass of milk B glasses of milk C glass of milks D glasses of milks［答案］B.12 There isn39。s D Teachers39。one of 加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。s name is James Allen Green. So his given name is＿＿＿.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green［答案］A.［析］英文的習慣與中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文則是姓在最后，其第一個名字是由父母所起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可稱作given name,而姓在英文中是family name. 7 Shanghai is one of the biggest＿＿＿in our country.A city B city39。錢數(shù)作為整體、價格講時，不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞，要用how much 提問。另外，英文的表達法與中文不同，中文講，快點，時間不多了，而英文要講，快點，沒時間了。而address則為“地址”。(三) 例題解析1. Lucy and Lily＿＿＿in the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be ［答案］C.［析］由and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來搭配謂語動詞。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。clothes是指衣服，但沒有單數(shù)形式，如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine ，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚禮服。t need it.［析］information為不可數(shù)名詞，而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用them.［誤］Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.［正］Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.［析］many a 加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時其謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，但其意為許多學(xué)生。［誤］There are a lot of information here, but we don39。［誤］I think we will make a friend with each other.［正］I think we will make friends with each other.［析］make friends 為習慣用法，即交朋友。s 意為“王叔叔家”，doctor39。s go to uncle Wang39。［誤］Let39。［誤］The stories of the book was written many years ago.［正］The stories of the book were written many years ago.［析］這句話的真正主語應(yīng)是stories，所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。而cook也可作為名詞“廚師”講，而cooker則為廚具，餐具，即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。如：This pen is Tom39。s library［誤］He is an old friend of my father.［正］He is an old friend of my father39。s work, nature39。 weight價格名詞：two dollars39。s length， twenty miles39。s, rest 表示長度的詞：three metres39。s newspaper, a twenty minutes39。但是39。［誤］It is really beautiful. It is a work of nature.［正］It is really beautiful. It is a Nature39。s and Jone39。這是他們共同的家。s，如：This is Mary and Jone39。s ，如表示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個名詞后面加39。s a week or three—a week or three39。s如：girl friend —girl friend39。 ，則只加’s，如：children39。s如：Mary39。s.［正］There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary39。［誤］There is a new car. It is Jone39。(即一便士一個的硬幣)。s my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)［誤］I paid five pennies for the sweet.［正］I paid five pence for the sweet.［析］英語中便士有兩個復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來表達一定數(shù)量的錢。但如果只找其中的一個則要指明，這時還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 policeman, a policewoman。s in my telephone number.［析］在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達法中要用39。s［誤］There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.［正］There are three 639。s即A39。［誤］There are two As in this word.［正］There are two A39。［誤］I offered my son my congratulation on his success.［正］I offered my son my congratulations on his success.［析］英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。［誤］Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.［正］Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.［析］英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： thanks, greens， 而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不