【正文】 regress v. 退回 , 倒退 pervasive adj. 到處彌漫的 , 到處滲透的 nurturing adj. 養(yǎng)育的 , 培養(yǎng)的 infraction n. 違反 , 違法的行為 transparent adj. 透明的 Passage Three 南方學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)英語部 A big focus of the criticism of puter games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres. The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were ‘ Platformers’ and ‘ Beatthemups.’ Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beatthemups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be pared to violence within children’ s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed. Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children’ s everyday lives. There are worries that children are being more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing puter games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive ‘ yells’ at the screen. It is not only the ‘ Beatthemup’ games which produce this aggression。 Notes 生詞注釋： inappropriate adj. 不合適的 。 [D]錯，作者僅提議醫(yī)學(xué)院對有違反道德準(zhǔn)則學(xué)生的處罰應(yīng)該是堅決，公正，透明和 統(tǒng)一的。 [A]錯，因為作者沒有建議醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該降低考試難度。 10. 答案是 [C] Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity. 解析： [C]項和文章最后一段的 The development of a school39。因為文章明確地說 Medical schools...cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.[C]項錯，因為文章的本意是，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生在學(xué)期間，道德素質(zhì)不僅不會提高，而且可能下降（ regress）?？梢娔壳安]有這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可循。 9. 答案是 [C] Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values. 解析： [A]“醫(yī)學(xué)院應(yīng)該確立明確道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，淘汰道德素質(zhì)低下的申請者”是錯誤選項。學(xué)校的環(huán)境，家長的 教育 ，電視的影響，雖然都起一定作用，但是都不能說是決定性的。也就是選項 [A]的內(nèi)容。作者在討論作弊現(xiàn)象的根源時，結(jié)論是，作弊現(xiàn)象存在，原因是多方面的 。[C]醫(yī)學(xué)依靠政府， [D]醫(yī)學(xué)院中作弊行為普遍存在，都不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此，醫(yī)學(xué)以誠信為本的性質(zhì)就決定了， 對醫(yī)學(xué)院的作弊行為應(yīng)該堅決打擊。 7. 答案是 [A] The medical profession is based on trust. 解析：作者在第二段說 ，人們一致認(rèn)為，醫(yī)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)就是誠信。既然目前所掌握的 DATA是 insufficient（不充足的），那么 [A][B][C]所說的都不符合文章的原意，故均為錯誤選項。s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school39。 there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place. Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour— if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve。因此答案 C The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies(西方媒體并沒有展現(xiàn)落后地區(qū)的真實(shí)畫面 )最能表現(xiàn)該作者的觀點(diǎn)。照片中可以表現(xiàn)袒露胸部的黑色皮膚的婦女，但是白人婦女 的胸部就是禁止刊登的對象。 5. 答案是 [C] The western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the faraway societies. 解析： Catherine Lutz是文章中提到的 1993年出版的 READING NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。這句話基本上是對文章中心意思的總結(jié)。本句可以理解為：但是，在某些方面，人類學(xué)家拍攝的照片展現(xiàn)的與其說是那個盯視著照相機(jī)的（被拍攝的）文化，不如說是反映了拿著照相機(jī)的（西方）文化?？忌鷳?yīng)該格 外注意在閱讀文章靠前部分出現(xiàn)的，以轉(zhuǎn)折詞（例如， HOWEVER， BUT， NEVERTHELESS， NONETHELESS等）開頭的句子。并不是每一篇文章都會開門見山，讀者不應(yīng)該把每篇文章的首尾句都當(dāng)成對文章大意的總結(jié)。因為西方的記者和學(xué)者們，為了描繪一個西方人心目中固有的土著社會（或者經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展欠發(fā)達(dá)社會）的形象，故意篡改照片，滿足西方讀者的好奇心，并且有意迎合西方中產(chǎn)階級的趣味。電影中的土著搶走了LAWRENCE的照相機(jī)，因為他懷疑，那從未見過的玩意兒會偷走他的“美好品德（ VIRTUE）”。作者僅僅通過一個電影中描述的場景來說明一個論點(diǎn)。 3. 答案是 [B] illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of black magic that steal their virtues. 解析：文章的第一段介紹的是著名的 1962年獲得 7項奧斯卡大獎的電影《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》（導(dǎo)演： DAVID LEAN）中的一個片段。 exaggerated 到原始社會旅行回來的人往往對當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r夸大其詞。他們甚至避免刊登那些反映饑荒，戰(zhàn)爭，災(zāi)害的照片，以滿足西方媒體“只刊登外國社會美好一面的照片”的默契。s stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies. The result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict. Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of position and images. 1. The main idea of the passage is ______________. [A] Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values. [B] There is a plicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples. [C] Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales. [D] Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, promising the truthfulness of their pictures. 2. We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often _________. [A] took pictures with the natives [B] gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands [C] ask for pictures from the natives [D] gave the natives clocks and Western dresses 南方學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)英語部 3. The author mentions the m