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敲打或打擊對(duì)方的某一點(diǎn) ” 。 strike。如: Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm. 瞧那些烏云,暴風(fēng)雨就要來了。如: I”m going to be twenty next month . 下個(gè)月我就二十歲了。如: We”re going to spend our holidays in Wales this year . 今年我們打算到威爾士度 假。如: I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.我正要出去,這時(shí)有人敲門。如: You”re to hand in your papers by 10 o”cl ock.十點(diǎn)鐘以前你得交上試卷。解析同 ③ 。 be pleased at(或 about)表示 “ 對(duì)(看到或聽到的)事感到高興, ” 后面接指事的名詞或 v- ing。表示 “ 很高興或很樂意做某事 ” ,其中 to 是不定式符號(hào),后面接動(dòng)詞原形。表示 “ 對(duì) ?? 滿意;喜歡 ??” 后面通常接指人的名詞或代詞。 be pleased at(或 about)。 【練習(xí)】用 be used for, be used as 或 be used by 填空。 ? be used as 表示 “ 作為 ?? 而用 ” 或 “ 用作 ??” ,后面接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式,強(qiáng)調(diào)使用的工具及手段。 【練習(xí)】用 be made in, be made of, be made from, be made by 或 be made up of填空。 ? be made by 表示 “ 由 ?? 制做 ” ,后面接指人的名詞或代詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。當(dāng)后面接指地點(diǎn)的名 詞時(shí),表示 “ 某地產(chǎn)某物 ” 。 ? be made of/ be made in/ be made from/ be made by/ be made up of ? be made of 表示 “ 由 ?? 制成 ” ,指從原料到制成品,只發(fā)生了形狀變化,沒有發(fā)生本質(zhì)變化(屬物理變化)。 ? be known in 意為 “ 在某地很著名 ” 。如: He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。 ? be known to “ 為 ?? 所了解/知道 ” ,其后接表示人的詞語。如: Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美麗的山水而聞名。 We”re sure you”ll be well known as an artist.我們相信你會(huì)成為一位著名的畫家。 ? be anxious about 表示 “ 對(duì) ? 感到不安 ” 、 “ 為 ? 擔(dān)心 ” 、 “ 為 ? 憂慮 ” ; ? be anxious that 表示 “ 渴望 ” ,后面接從句, that 從句的謂語動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語氣; [EXERCISES] ①I ____ the result of the examination. ②We ____ know the result of the examination. ③We ____ Mr Liu to help us with our English. ④Mr Li ____ a new car. ⑤They ____ arrive home before dark. (Key: ①am anxious about / for for ②are anxious to are anxious to ③are anxious for are anxious for④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to) 1) The girl ____ a new dictionary. 2) All the students ____ their results of this examination . 3) Everyone _ _ __ _ know their results of the petition. 4) We ___ Mr Zhao to return. 5) We _____ she should do her best. Key: 1) was/ is anxious for is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to ) are anxious for 5) are anxious that ? be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in ? be known as 意為 “ 作為 ?? 而著名 ” ,其后的名詞表示一個(gè)人的身份、職業(yè)等。 be anxious about 。 ? be anxious to。 ? 用在否定句中,三者可以互換。如: I”ll do everything except / but cook. 除了做飯,我什么事情都干。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吳東看過那部影片外,他們也都看過了。用于肯定句中時(shí), except/ but 意為 “ 除 ?? 外(不再有) ” ; besides 意為 “ 除 ?? 外(還有) ” 。 ? confidence 指“在有證據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上相信” , 也常指“自信”、“有把握” , 如 : She has great confidence in her success. 她對(duì)自己的成功充滿信心。 ? faith 指“認(rèn)為有確鑿證據(jù)或道理而完全相信” , 如 : I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。 ? belief faith trust confidence 都含有 “ 相信 ” 的意思。試比較: I believe in him( I think he is a trustworthy man).我信任他。 I believe in having plenty of exercise.我相信多鍛煉有好處。 ? believe in 是一個(gè)動(dòng)介型短語動(dòng)詞,表示 “ 信奉;信仰 ” (指對(duì)某種思想、主張、觀念、行動(dòng)具有信心)和 “ 信任( have trust in) ” 。如: I believe what he says.我相信他的話。如: There must be nobody in the classroom, for the light is off. 教室里一定沒有人,因?yàn)闊魷缌恕? Since everyone is here, let”s start .既然大家都到了,咱們就開始吧。 ? as 與 since 引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句首,不過 as 表示十分明顯的原因,只說明一般的因果關(guān)系,可譯為 “ 因?yàn)?、由?” ;而 since 則表示稍加分析、對(duì)方已知的原因,一般可 譯為 “ 既然 ” 。 because 引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示產(chǎn)生那種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系,在回答 why 的提問時(shí),必須用 because 作答。 B 回目錄 ? because/ since/ as/ for? 這四個(gè)詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞,但是 as,because, since 是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句, for 是并列連詞,所引導(dǎo)的不是原因狀語從句,而是表示理由的對(duì) 等句子,是對(duì)前面所講內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充和說明。如: Our car was running with all speed on the expressway. 我們的車在高速公路上全速行駛。而當(dāng) speed被 all, lightning, great 等修飾時(shí),介詞應(yīng)用 with。 Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 這些藥每天服三次,每次服三粒。例如: Don”t speak all at once . One at a time, please. 不要同時(shí)一起說。 ? at a time 則意為 “ 一次 ” ,表示 一個(gè)時(shí)間單位。例如: In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time (= At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was being very crowded. ? at one time= during a period of time in the past 意為 “ 過去有一段時(shí)期 ” ,“ 曾經(jīng) ” 。 ? at that time 則通常指前文明確提到的某個(gè)時(shí)期、時(shí)候。這時(shí),它表示 “ 在(某事態(tài))發(fā)生的時(shí)候 ” 或 “ 在 ?? 的時(shí)代 ” 。例如: Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 當(dāng)時(shí),許多人都看到了這件奇怪的事情的發(fā)生。 at one time。 ? at the time。例如: By the age of sixteen, he had learned to drive a car.到十六歲的時(shí)候,他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了開小汽車。 She learned to play the piano at the age often.她十歲的時(shí)候?qū)W彈鋼 琴。 ? at the age of/ by the age of ? at the age of 表示 “ 在 ?? 歲時(shí) ” ,后面接基數(shù)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時(shí)刻的情況或動(dòng)作,用于一般過去時(shí),作時(shí)間狀語。 ? charge 指 沖擊 或 騎兵的突然攻擊 , 如 : The cavalry charged to the front. 騎兵猛烈向前線沖擊。 ? assail 指 猛烈連續(xù)地攻擊 , 如 : The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敵機(jī)不斷猛烈地攻擊我們的陣地。 ? attack assail assault charge beset ? 都含有 攻擊 的意思。 ? in the beginning 相當(dāng)于 at first,表示 “ 起初、開始 ” 時(shí),含 “ 起初是這種情況,而后來卻不是這種情況 ” 之意,不與 of 連用。常與 of 連用。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他雖然知道這個(gè)秘密,但他不會(huì)說出來。 though 引導(dǎo)的句子所說的是事實(shí), even though 引導(dǎo)的句子所說的則不一定是事實(shí)。 ? even though(= even if),意為 “ 即使 ” ,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如: He spoke as though( as if) he had been here before.他說話的口氣好像他以前來過這里。 ? maintain 指在相反的證據(jù)或論點(diǎn)面前,重申原來的某種觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)。 a sleeping dog 正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car 臥車 sleeping bag 睡袋 ? assert, affirm, maintain ? assert 宣稱、斷言,常指某人主觀自信,堅(jiān)持己見,有時(shí)不顧客觀事實(shí)而斷言下結(jié)論。 如:我們不能說: an asleep baby,但可以說: a sleeping baby(一個(gè)熟睡的嬰兒)。 ? asleep/ sleeping 二者都是形容詞。 There is nothing that we can”t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it. 只要我們不斷地努力去做,就沒有什么事干不成。 as (so) long as ? as( so) far as 的意思是 “ 就 ?? 而言(所知) ” , as (so) far as sth. is concerned 是其中一種具體用法,意為 “ 就某事而言 ” ; as (so) long as 意為 “ 只要 ” ,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。例如: We”ll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow .明天我們將討論冠詞的用法。例如: He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.他常為家務(wù)事同妻子爭(zhēng)吵。 ? quarrel 是指對(duì)某事不喜歡或強(qiáng)烈不滿而發(fā)生的 “ 爭(zhēng)吵 ” 或 “ 吵架 ” 。 另 外, argue 同 with 搭配,其后接人;與 about 連用,其后接事物。 ? argue 著重就自己的看法或觀點(diǎn),提出論證,同他人 “ 爭(zhēng)論 ” 或 “ 辯論 ” 。 ? di