【正文】 次注射。 給藥對(duì)象 adolescents 青少年 intant(s) 幼兒 adult(s) 成年人 male 男性 baby (babies) 嬰兒 newborn baby (babies) 新生兒 children (child) 兒童 patient(s) 患者，病人 debilitated patients 體弱患者 pediatric 兒科的 elderly patient(s) 老年患者 pregnant women 孕婦 female 女性 senile patient(s) 老年患者（病人） 給藥方式的表示法 intraarterially 靜脈內(nèi)給藥 by mouth (OS) 口服 intragluteally 臀肌內(nèi)給藥 by phleboclysis 靜脈輸液 intramuscularly 肌內(nèi)給藥 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射 intraperitoneally 腹（膜）腔內(nèi)給藥 by intravenous (IV) injection 靜脈注射 intrapleurally 胸（膜）腔內(nèi)給藥 by the intraarticatar administration 關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)給藥 intrathecally 鞘內(nèi)給藥 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌內(nèi)給藥 intravenously 靜脈內(nèi)給藥 by the intranasal route 鼻內(nèi)給藥 locally 局部給藥 orally 口服給藥 給藥方式的表示法 parenterally 腸道外給藥 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹（膜）腔內(nèi)給藥 subconjuntivally 結(jié)膜下給藥 by the intravenous infusion (perfusion) 靜脈輸注 subcutaneously 皮下給藥 sublingually 舌下給藥 submucously 粘膜下給藥 by the intrathecal administration 鞘內(nèi)給藥 by aerosol 噴霧給藥 by the subligual administration 舌下給藥 by drip phleboclysis 點(diǎn)滴靜脈輸液 per rectum 直腸給藥 by enema 灌腸 per vaginum 陰道給藥 by lumbar 腰椎給藥 pro recto 直腸給藥 表示“投藥”的常用動(dòng)詞 administer (或 be administered、 give、 be given、 indicate、 be indicated) 給藥、投藥 use (或 be used 、 employ、 be employed) 用藥 remend (be remended、 suggest、be suggested) 推薦給藥 表示不同的用藥方式的動(dòng)詞 take 服用 inhale 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于 spray 噴霧 inject 注射 swallow 吞服 例 6 …the remended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. 建議一次劑量為 1安瓶，皮下、肌肉或靜脈注射給藥。 例 4 Children: The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day total, given in four equally divided and spaced doses. 兒童：常用總劑量為每日 50100mg/kg體重，均分為四等份，等間隔給藥。 例 2 The suggested dose is 10 to 15 mg per kg body weight daily in 34 divided doses orally, taken with meets. 日劑量最好每公斤體重 1015mg，分 34次口服，與食物共服。 例 11. Pregnancy: Coumadin is contraindicated in women who are or may bee pregnat because the drug basses through the placental barrier and may cause fatal hemorrhage to the felus in utero. 妊娠期禁用：香豆 素 禁用于孕婦，或可能已懷孕的婦女，因?yàn)楸酒房赡艽┻^胎盤屏障，引起子宮內(nèi)胚胎致命的出血。 例 9. Children under 5 years of age should not be treated with Antistine. 5歲以下兒童禁用敵胺。 例 7. Ursosan should not be given to patients suffering from fulminant hepatitis and bile duct obstruction. 暴發(fā)性肝炎及膽管阻塞患者禁用熊去氧膽酸。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性腎結(jié)石的患者建議不要使用本品，二歲以下兒童不得服用。 例 4. It is advisable to avoid the use of Aramine with cyclopropane or halothane anesthesia, unless clinical circumstances demand such use. 如果不是臨床需要，建議本品不要與環(huán)丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷麻醉劑合用。 例 1. Pregnacy, allergy to methotrexate, functional disorders of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, recent operation wounds. 孕期，對(duì)氨甲葉酸過敏，肝、腎功能障礙，血液系統(tǒng)疾?。ü撬铏C(jī)能減退、白細(xì)胞及血小板減少、貧血），傳染病，口腔及胃潰瘍，近期術(shù)后傷口等忌用 例 2. Hypersensitivity to quinoiones, severerenal insufficiency. 對(duì)喹喏酮類過敏，嚴(yán)重腎功能不全。 be active against對(duì) …… 有效 be intended to… 適用于 …… be administared in … 適用于 … be of value of … 適用于 …… be effective in （ for， against） … 對(duì) … 有效 be remended for 推薦用于 …… be employed to … 用于 …… be used to（ for， as） … 用于 …… be helpful in … 用于 …… be useful in … 用于 …… be indicated in（ for） … 適用于 … for（ in） the treatment（ management） of… 用于治療（控制） 表示與 “其他藥物合用 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)有： be associated with in association with be bined with in bination with be patible with in connjunction with conitant with together with 禁忌癥 本項(xiàng)中最常用的英語表示法是 Contraindications，也有用 Restrictions on Use（用藥限制）的。 例 15 Conitant therapy with other calcium antagonists,antihypertensives and alcohol may potentiate the hypotensive action of the drug. 與其他的鈣桔抗劑、抗高血壓藥物及酒精飲料同時(shí)使用，會(huì)增強(qiáng)本品的降低血壓的作用。 例 12 Benemid is remended for the treatmemt of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during antiinfective therapy. 丙磺舒被推薦用于治療痛風(fēng)及痛風(fēng)關(guān)節(jié)炎，及在強(qiáng)化抗感染治療時(shí)增加并延長(zhǎng)青霉素類及頭孢菌素類的血漿濃度。 例 10 Fungizone intravenous is especially intended to treat cryptococcosis…… 注射用凡疾送特別適用于治療隱球菌病。 常見句型 完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或段落，有時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)很復(fù)雜； 例 7 Amikacin is useful in the treatment of infections from Gram－ negative sensitive species， there included the Pseudomonas species； it may also be useful to treat infections caused by sensitive staphylococci, 阿米卡星可用于治療革蘭氏陽性敏感菌（其中包括假單孢菌）引起的感染，也可用于治療敏感葡萄球菌引起的感染。 常見句型 To+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的短語，如： 例 5 To prevent the formation of urinary calculi， especially in cases where they tend to recur. 用于預(yù)防尿路，特別是易發(fā)部位的結(jié)石的形成。大腸桿菌、肺炎桿菌 …… 引起的下列疾病 …… 2 由 For（或 In等）引出的短語，例如： 例 3 For prevention of the advance of cataract. 用于預(yù)防白內(nèi)障進(jìn)展。s angina,hypertension 心絞痛，變異性心絞痛，高血壓。 例 8. Therapeutically, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilation to increase the blood stream. 從治療上看，三磷酸腺苷注射劑顯示了非常好的效果，特別是在活化神經(jīng)的功能及代謝，以及舒張冠狀與外周血管以增加血流方面更是如此。 例 6. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated muscle relaxant. 已證明芬那露是療效很好的橫紋肌松施藥。本品具殺菌、耐酸作用，且口服或肌注吸收良好。 例 2. Nembutal Sodium exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the sedativehypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates. 戊巴比妥鈉對(duì)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生抑制作用，并顯示戊巴比妥類特有的鎮(zhèn)靜催眠作用 例 3. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral circulation and those disorders related to insufficient arterial flow in the limbs. 臨床試驗(yàn)證實(shí)，本品療效高，可