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together in a systematic pattern or crystal structure. ? Ⅲ.Secondary bonding ( Van Der waals bonding) The driving force for secondary bonding is the attraction of the electric dipoles contained in atoms or molecules. An electric dipole moment is created when two equal and opposite charges are separated. ??Neutral atom E Van Der waals bonding A dipole moment is defined as the charge value multiplied by the separation distance between positive and negative charges, or qd??m o m e n td ip o le??c h a r g ee le c t r icofm a g n it u d e?qc e n t e r sc h a r g et h eb e t w e e nd i s t a n c es e p a r a t i o n?dLondon forces If the interactions are between two dipoles that are induced in atoms or molecules, we refer to them as London forces. ?? ??1. Van der waals interactions HH? oxygen??