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rdered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you nev er want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。 地震液化效應(yīng):干的松散粉細(xì) 砂土受到震動(dòng)時(shí)有變得更為緊密的趨勢(shì),但當(dāng)粉細(xì)砂土層飽和時(shí),即孔隙全部為水充填時(shí),振動(dòng)使得飽和和砂土中的孔隙水壓力驟然上升,而在地震過(guò)程的短暫時(shí)間內(nèi),驟然上升的孔隙水壓力來(lái)不及消散,這就是使原來(lái)由砂粒通過(guò)其接觸點(diǎn)所傳遞的壓力減小,當(dāng)有效壓力完全消失時(shí),砂土層完全喪失抗剪強(qiáng)度和承載能力,變成像液體一樣的狀態(tài)。 地震破裂效應(yīng):在震源處以震波的形式傳播于周圍的地層上,引起相鄰巖石振動(dòng)。地震效應(yīng)包括;地震力效應(yīng)、地震破裂效應(yīng)、地震液化效應(yīng)和地震激發(fā)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的效應(yīng)等 地震力效應(yīng):地震可使建(構(gòu))筑物受到一種慣性力的作用,這種力稱為地震力。 剪節(jié)理和特征是產(chǎn)狀穩(wěn)定,在平面和剖面上延續(xù)均較長(zhǎng);節(jié)理面 光滑,常具擦痕、鏡面等現(xiàn)象,節(jié)理兩壁之間緊密閉合;發(fā)育于碎屑巖中的剪節(jié)理,常切割較大的碎屑顆?;虻[石;一般發(fā)育較密,且常有等間距分布的特點(diǎn);常成對(duì)出現(xiàn),呈兩組共軛剪節(jié)理 4.?dāng)⑹龈鲾鄬右? 答:見(jiàn)教材 P40P41 5.簡(jiǎn)述巖溶的發(fā)育規(guī)律 答:見(jiàn)教材 P109 6.利用擦痕如何判斷斷層類型 答:擦痕常表現(xiàn)為一組彼此平行而且比較均勻細(xì)密的相同排列的脊和槽,有時(shí)可見(jiàn)擦痕一端粗而深,另一端細(xì)而淺,則由粗的一端向細(xì)的一端的指向即為對(duì)盤(pán)運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。若有支撐或襯砌,作用在支撐或襯砌上的壓力,便是拱圈以內(nèi)塌落的砂體重量,而拱圈以外的砂體維持自身平衡。塌落邊界輪廓呈拱形。崩解試驗(yàn)可在室內(nèi)或野外進(jìn)行,而在外試坑中試驗(yàn)最好。崩解時(shí)間短的土體崩解性強(qiáng),反之崩解性弱。黏性土崩解的形式多種多樣,有的呈均勻散粒狀,有的呈鱗片狀,有的呈碎塊或塊裂狀等。越往平原低處,工程地質(zhì)條件越差。 山前平原沖積洪積物:沉積物有分帶性,近山處為沖積和部分洪積成因的粗碎屑物組成,向平原低地逐漸變?yōu)榈[砂、 砂以至黏性土。但河漫灘上升為階地后因干燥脫水,則工程性質(zhì)能夠改善,一 愈老的階地工程性質(zhì)愈好。至于淤泥、泥炭和松軟的黏性土,如作為地基,則建筑物會(huì)發(fā)生較大的沉降,而且沉降的完成需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。 答:在工程地質(zhì)特征上,卵石、礫石及密實(shí)砂層的承載波力較高,作為建筑物地基是比較穩(wěn)定的。( 4)水文地質(zhì)條件:對(duì)隧洞沿線地下水分析其埋藏運(yùn)動(dòng)條件、類型及物理化學(xué)特性等情況。( 2)地層與巖性條件:地層與巖性條件的好壞直接影響洞室的穩(wěn)定性 。 4) 硬結(jié)成巖階段:最初沉積的松散物質(zhì)被子后繼沉積物覆蓋,在上覆巖層壓務(wù)和膠結(jié)物質(zhì)的作用下,逐漸使用權(quán)原物質(zhì)壓密,孔隙減小,脫水固結(jié)或重結(jié)昌作用而成較堅(jiān)硬的巖層。 3) 沉積階段:當(dāng)搬運(yùn)能力減弱或物理化學(xué)環(huán)境改變時(shí),攜帶的物質(zhì)逐漸沉積下來(lái)。 答:沉積巖的形成分為 4 個(gè)階段 1) 風(fēng)化、剝蝕階段:由于地殼表面原來(lái)的各種巖石長(zhǎng)期受自然界的風(fēng)化、剝蝕,使原來(lái)堅(jiān)三角的巖石逐